Tests have been done on gray forest soil in the South-West of the Non-Chernozem zone of Bryansk re-gion in the stationary experiment in the All-Russian Lupin Research Institute in 2015–2018. The aim of the test was to evaluate the effect of the intensity of the basic soil cultivation on crop weed infestation in lupin crop rotation. The experiment has been done during a rotation of the field crop rotation (winter wheat – bare oats – winter triticale – lupin) turned in time and space in the fields of white lupin and win-ter wheat where lupin has been cultivated as a predecessor. During the test years 7 weeds species have been fixed at tillering phase of winter wheat, its number made 9.4–15.4 units/m2. The number of the main weeds decreased to 11 species at the end of the vegetation season (at ripeness stage) and made 9.7–15.9 units/m2. There have been noticed 8 weeds species in white lupin crops, the number made 33.6–55.8 units/m2. The deep non-moldboard soil cultivation decreased weeds number in crop rotation. At dif-ferent basic soil cultivation 8 weeds species occurred in crops. The others were either in the deep non-moldboard soil cultivation or in the surface one. The number and ratio of weeds species changed when the grass component increased to the final field of crop rotation. The annual dicotyledonous species made 45.0–60.5% decreasing at the surface cultivation. Perennial weeds made 38.5–55.0% of the total weeds coenosis. Their number decreased in the case of deep cultivation. Crop infestation degree and as a result the weeds twice during the rotation at the surface soil cultivation.

Введение. Перспективным источником белка в пищевой промышленности является люпин, зерно которого содержит все незаменимые аминокислоты. Для пищевых целей необходимо использовать малоалкалоидные сорта люпина без горького привкуса, которые хорошо адаптируются к климатическим условиям многих регионов Российской Федерации. В настоящее время создан ряд новых сортов люпина с низкой алкалоидностью, включенных в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений РФ, а именно, Белорозовый 144 и Мичуринский. Необходимо массовое внедрение в производство отечественных сортов люпина как Мичуринский и Белорозовый 144 для получения дешевого белка, уменьшения импорта дорогостоящей трансгенной сои.Цель. Проанализировать химические характеристики и показатели безопасности зерна люпина сортов Мичуринский и Белорозовый 144 для дальнейшего использования в пищевом направлении.Материалы и методы. Приводятся данные биохимических (среднее за 2018-2020 гг.) и санитарно-гигиенических показателей безопасности (2020 г.) зерна белого люпина сорта Мичуринский и узколистного люпина сорта Белорозовый 144. Исследования по таким показателям как содержание белка, жира, лизина, алкалоидов в зерне белого и узколистного люпина проводились с помощью оборудования ВНИИ люпина – филиал ФГБНУ «ФНЦ кормопроизводства и агроэкологии им. В.Р. Вильямса» по общепринятым методикам.Результаты. Показано, что максимальное содержание белка в данных сортах составляло 36,8% и 33,8 %, соответственно, с содержанием алкалоидов на уровне 0,04%. Наблюдаемые различия в содержании белка, жира, лизина в зерне исследуемых сортов объясняется генетическими и физиологическими особенностями видов люпина. В ходе исследований установлено, что содержание особо опасных соединений в зерне люпина сортов Мичуринский и Белорозовый 144 значительно ниже допустимого уровня. Изучаемые сорта люпина в сравнении с лучшими сортами сои и гороха занимают первое место по урожайности зерна и сбору белка с гектара. Следовательно, зерно люпина можно рекомендовать для использования в пищевой промышленности с целью производства продукции, обогащённой растительным белком. Выводы. Внедрение в производство таких отечественных районированных сортов люпина как Мичуринский и Белорозовый 144 даст возможность получать дешевый экологически чистый белок, уменьшить импорт дорогостоящей трансгенной сои, а получаемая пищевая продукция будет более конкурентоспособной на рынке из-за низкой себестоимости производства.

The results of research in some cases allow to judge the change in the functional activity of the studied organs after the use of the preparation. The obtained factual material significantly supplements the information about the biological properties of the propolis water-alcohol emulsion. In practical veterinary medicine, the results of research can be taken into account when prescribing propolis for therapeutic and preventive purposes. Thus, as a result of the study, it was found that the most characteristic histological changes in the structural components of the intestinal wall are observed in the ileum of young pigs and pigs of the experimental groups. The height of this intestine villi in young pigs of the experimental group is 280.97 ± 3.37 microns, and in the control group - 193.89 ± 2.66 microns (p< 0.001). In pigs treated with the preparation, the villi also have a higher height - 256.89 ± 1.62 microns compared to 163.96 ± 0.61 microns in the control group. In young pigs and pigs of the control groups, the shape of the ileum villi is finger-shaped or bottle-shaped, and in animals of the experimental groups their forms are more differentiated - bottle-shaped, leaf-shaped and dome-shaped. This will allow store pigs receiving propolis preparation to better absorb the nutrients of the diet and gain weight faster. The research results are of interest to researchers developing propolis preparations for oral use.

Substantiation and development of technology elements for obtaining a sustainable productivity of lupine grain is an important and urgent task for expanding the area under this grain crop. There have been considered the study results of the effect of fertilizers ‘Aquamix ST’, ‘Metaborat Kaliya’, ‘Tiaton’ on productivity and grain quality of white lupine. The study was carried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine – a branch of the FWRC FPA, in the soil and climatic conditions of the southwestern part of the Non-Chernozem zone in 2018-2019. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the efficiency of these innovative micro- and macrofertilizers and the methods of their application on a number of indicators that improve productivity and grain quality of white lupine. The application of fertilizers ‘Aquamix ST’ and ‘Metaborat Kaliya’ contributed to an increase of white lupine grain productivity on 37.5 and 35.4%. There has been determined protein increase from 5.0 to 5.8% in grain of the white lupine variety ‘Piligrim’ in all application variants of ‘Aquamix ST’. The use of ‘Aquamix ST’ and ‘Metaborat Kaliya’ in the vegetation period of plants reduced alkaloid content of lupine grain on 24.7-34.6%. Application of ‘Aquamix ST’ and ‘Metaborat Kaliya’ in white lupine budding stage increased carotene content in grain on 34.3 and 25.0%, respectively. The analysis of the data showed that the variant including pre-seeding treatment with ‘Aquamix ST’ and subsequent treatment in the budding stage of plants was characterized by the maximum amount of lysine and carotene. There was noted that the application of micro- and macrofertilizers resulted in an increase in feed units and digestible protein. Application of ‘Aquamix ST’, including pre-seeding treatment and two treatments in the vegetation period of plants provided the largest yield of digestible protein (1.26 t/ha), 6.0 t/h of feed units, and 54.8 GJ/ha of exchangeable energy. ‘Metaborat Kaliya’, used in the treatment of plants in their budding phase, showed almost the same results. The options that combined high productivity with high grain quality were more valuable according their feed value.

The article presents the results of black currant breeding in the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupin. The work on the variety study and selection of black currant has been carried out since 1969. Fungal diseases and pests of black currant are important limiting factors to increase berries yield and quality. Search and breeding of new high adapted initial forms with increased resistance to ecological stressors is the most radical solution of the problem of plant protection against dangerous phytopathogens. Different species and ecotypes are used to develop resistance varieties by recurrent (periodic) selection with the cycle use of crossbreeding and inbreeding. Varieties and lines with the gene plasma of species Ribes nigrum ssp. europaeum Jancz; R. nigrum ssp. scandinavicum, R. nigrum ssp. sibirucum (Wolf.) Pavl., R. dikuscha Fisch., R. glutinosum Benth., R. petiolare Dougl., R. odoratum Wendl., R. janczewskii Pojark are used. The donors of resistance to mildew and shot hole in selection were a varieties and lines with genes of dikusha currant, No. 360/1 and No. 360/2 with genes of sticky currant, hybrid 42-7 cross-bred from the inbred lines of Alfa and Primorskiy Chempion. The donor 762-5-82 with the gene Ce and the variety Izyumnaya with the gene P are the source of immunity to bud mite. The vars. Dobrynya, Izyumnaya, Yadrenaya, Sokrovitshe, Belorusskaya sladkaya etc. are the donors and sources of large fruits and high quality of berries. The hybrids 7-1-174, 7-1-157, 7-1-215, 7-1-161, 7-1-105, 7-1-136,7-1-154 have been selected in the family (762-5-82 х Dobrynya) х Yadrenaya.  Their average berries’ weight is from 2.4 to 2.8 g, the content of vitamin C is from 216 to 267 mg/100 g. They are resistant to fungi diseases and bud mite. Nowadays the State List of breeding achievements consists of 14 varieties of black currants bred in the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupin – Seletchenskaya, Sevtchanka, Perun, Nara, Gulliver, Dobrynya, Selethcenskaya 2, Golubitchka, Izyumnaya, Dar Smol’yaninovoy, Litvinovskaya, Kudmig, Solov’inaya Notch and Podarok Astakhova. They have high yield, reliable adaptability and berries yield. The varieties Partizanka bryanskaya, Lider, Uslada, Tchara, Lakomka, Mavladi, Sasha and Tsyganotchka are under the State testing.