Биотехнология О. В. Вершинина, И. А. Бъядовский Особенности развития эксплантов Rubus Idaeus L. и Ribes Nigrum L. перспективных сортов селекции ФГБНУ ФНЦ Садоводства на этапе введения в культуру in vitro ......44 М. Т. Упадышев, О. В. Вершинина Сравнительная оценка воздействия магнитно-импульсной обработки на этапе адаптации микрорастений ежевики и малино-ежевичных гибридов к нестерильным условиям .

The article presents the results of black currant breeding in the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupin. The work on the variety study and selection of black currant has been carried out since 1969. Fungal diseases and pests of black currant are important limiting factors to increase berries yield and quality. Search and breeding of new high adapted initial forms with increased resistance to ecological stressors is the most radical solution of the problem of plant protection against dangerous phytopathogens. Different species and ecotypes are used to develop resistance varieties by recurrent (periodic) selection with the cycle use of crossbreeding and inbreeding. Varieties and lines with the gene plasma of species Ribes nigrum ssp. europaeum Jancz; R. nigrum ssp. scandinavicum, R. nigrum ssp. sibirucum (Wolf.) Pavl., R. dikuscha Fisch., R. glutinosum Benth., R. petiolare Dougl., R. odoratum Wendl., R. janczewskii Pojark are used. The donors of resistance to mildew and shot hole in selection were a varieties and lines with genes of dikusha currant, No. 360/1 and No. 360/2 with genes of sticky currant, hybrid 42-7 cross-bred from the inbred lines of Alfa and Primorskiy Chempion. The donor 762-5-82 with the gene Ce and the variety Izyumnaya with the gene P are the source of immunity to bud mite. The vars. Dobrynya, Izyumnaya, Yadrenaya, Sokrovitshe, Belorusskaya sladkaya etc. are the donors and sources of large fruits and high quality of berries. The hybrids 7-1-174, 7-1-157, 7-1-215, 7-1-161, 7-1-105, 7-1-136,7-1-154 have been selected in the family (762-5-82 х Dobrynya) х Yadrenaya.  Their average berries’ weight is from 2.4 to 2.8 g, the content of vitamin C is from 216 to 267 mg/100 g. They are resistant to fungi diseases and bud mite. Nowadays the State List of breeding achievements consists of 14 varieties of black currants bred in the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupin – Seletchenskaya, Sevtchanka, Perun, Nara, Gulliver, Dobrynya, Selethcenskaya 2, Golubitchka, Izyumnaya, Dar Smol’yaninovoy, Litvinovskaya, Kudmig, Solov’inaya Notch and Podarok Astakhova. They have high yield, reliable adaptability and berries yield. The varieties Partizanka bryanskaya, Lider, Uslada, Tchara, Lakomka, Mavladi, Sasha and Tsyganotchka are under the State testing.

The article presents the results of estimation of adaptivity and productivity of 25 selected black currants hybrids under Bryansk region conditions. Tests have been done in 2019-2020 according to the common used programs and methods for breeding and variety testing of fruit and berries crops. The aim of the research was to evaluate the total plant state, flowering level, number of berries per a cluster, berries’ weight and productivity as well as to select the most adaptive and productive lines for their use in the future breeding work. Genotypes 8-20-227, 8-20-229 and 8-20-243 with excellent general condition and degree of flowering have been identified from the Yadrenaya x Izyumnaya family. In the formation of the overall crop, a significant place is occupied by such a component of productivity as the number of berries in the cluster. The level of manifestation of this trait is largely determined by the genetic basis of plants and significantly depends on the conditions of overwintering, the level of agricultural technology and weather conditions before and after flowering, as well as during the laying of generative buds. There are not lines with long clusters. There are some hybrids with moderate clusters (7-8 berries): 8-20-219 and 8-20-227 (Yadrenaya.Izyumnaya), 8-20-166, 8-20-185 and 8-20-177 (7-1-157.Litvinovskaya). The other lines had short clusters (5-6 berries) and very short ones (3-4 berries). The average berries’ weight was from 1.0 g (8-20-167) to 2.2 g (8-20-13). The seedlings 8-20-13 (7-2-229.Uslada) and 8-20-175 (7-1-157.Litvinovskaya) had the highest berries’ weight of 3.3 g and 3.1 g. Productivity of selected hybrid lines varied from 0.2 kg/bush (8-20-214 and 8-20-15) to 2.4 kg/bush (8-20-227). As a result of the studies carried out, genotypes 8-20-227, 8-20-229 and 8-20-223 from the Yadrenaya x Izyumnaya family, resistant to abiotic and biotic environmental factors with a productivity of 2.4, 2.2 and 2.2 kg / bush, respectively, were identified. These genotypes have been multiplied and will be further used in breeding as sources of high productivity.