Биотехнология О. В. Вершинина, И. А. Бъядовский Особенности развития эксплантов Rubus Idaeus L. и Ribes Nigrum L. перспективных сортов селекции ФГБНУ ФНЦ Садоводства на этапе введения в культуру in vitro ......44 М. Т. Упадышев, О. В. Вершинина Сравнительная оценка воздействия магнитно-импульсной обработки на этапе адаптации микрорастений ежевики и малино-ежевичных гибридов к нестерильным условиям .

The article presents the results of black currant breeding in the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupin. The work on the variety study and selection of black currant has been carried out since 1969. Fungal diseases and pests of black currant are important limiting factors to increase berries yield and quality. Search and breeding of new high adapted initial forms with increased resistance to ecological stressors is the most radical solution of the problem of plant protection against dangerous phytopathogens. Different species and ecotypes are used to develop resistance varieties by recurrent (periodic) selection with the cycle use of crossbreeding and inbreeding. Varieties and lines with the gene plasma of species Ribes nigrum ssp. europaeum Jancz; R. nigrum ssp. scandinavicum, R. nigrum ssp. sibirucum (Wolf.) Pavl., R. dikuscha Fisch., R. glutinosum Benth., R. petiolare Dougl., R. odoratum Wendl., R. janczewskii Pojark are used. The donors of resistance to mildew and shot hole in selection were a varieties and lines with genes of dikusha currant, No. 360/1 and No. 360/2 with genes of sticky currant, hybrid 42-7 cross-bred from the inbred lines of Alfa and Primorskiy Chempion. The donor 762-5-82 with the gene Ce and the variety Izyumnaya with the gene P are the source of immunity to bud mite. The vars. Dobrynya, Izyumnaya, Yadrenaya, Sokrovitshe, Belorusskaya sladkaya etc. are the donors and sources of large fruits and high quality of berries. The hybrids 7-1-174, 7-1-157, 7-1-215, 7-1-161, 7-1-105, 7-1-136,7-1-154 have been selected in the family (762-5-82 х Dobrynya) х Yadrenaya.  Their average berries’ weight is from 2.4 to 2.8 g, the content of vitamin C is from 216 to 267 mg/100 g. They are resistant to fungi diseases and bud mite. Nowadays the State List of breeding achievements consists of 14 varieties of black currants bred in the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupin – Seletchenskaya, Sevtchanka, Perun, Nara, Gulliver, Dobrynya, Selethcenskaya 2, Golubitchka, Izyumnaya, Dar Smol’yaninovoy, Litvinovskaya, Kudmig, Solov’inaya Notch and Podarok Astakhova. They have high yield, reliable adaptability and berries yield. The varieties Partizanka bryanskaya, Lider, Uslada, Tchara, Lakomka, Mavladi, Sasha and Tsyganotchka are under the State testing.

The article presents the results of testing samples of cherries and sweet cherries, created at the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine. Cherry is one of the most important fruit crops in central Russia. In recent years, there has been a sharp reduction in the area of its cultivation. The main cause of the cherry crisis is stress factors that contribute to physiological disorders, weakened resistance to pathogens and reduced yields. Intense damage to leaves by coccomycosis and moniliosis is accompanied by powerful necrosis, which is a phenotypic manifestation of a developing disease and allows an accurate assessment of genotypes by resistance class. Sweet cherry is a new fruit crop in central Russia. Evaluation of 50 varieties of sour cherries and cherries according to a complex of economically valuable traits made it possible to identify a number of promising samples for their transfer to State tests. Among them are varieties and varieties: cherries - Ruskol, Bryansk Talisman, 2-11-33, 2-12-11, 3-18-23; cherries - Rusaliya, Valentina, Darnitsa, Milan and others. The State Register of Breeding Achievements includes 10 cultivars of cherries and 15 cultivars of sweet cherries bred by the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “FNTs VIK im. V.R. Williams”.

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