Widyaratne, G. P. and Zijlstra, R. T. 2007. Nutritional value of wheat and corn distiller's dried grain with solubles: Digestibility and digestible contents of energy, amino acids and phosphorus, nutrient excretion and growth performance of grower-finisher pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 87: [103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114]. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) samples derived from corn, wheat and a wheat/corn blend (4:1). Specifically, the digestibility and digestible contents of energy, amino acids (AA) and P, N and P excretion, and growth performance were determined in grower-finisher pigs. In exp. 1, 12 ileal cannulated barrows (64.6 ± 6.4 kg) had restricted access (2.6 × maintenance) to a wheat-control diet or one of three diets containing 40% DDGS sample of corn, wheat or wheat/corn origin that replaced wheat. For energy, apparent total tract digestibility was highest for wheat (85%; P < 0.05) and did not differ among the DDGS samples (77 to 79%; P > 0.10). Total tract digestible energy (DE) was higher for corn DDGS (4292 kcal kg -1 DM; P < 0.05) than wheat/corn DDGS, wheat DDGS and wheat samples (4038, 4019 and 3807). For lysine, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) was highest for wheat (71%; P < 0.05) and did not differ among DDGS samples (59 to 63%; P > 0.10). The AID lysine content was highest for corn DDGS (0.51% DM; P < 0.05), intermediate for wheat/corn DDGS and wheat DDGS (0.45 and 0.42), and lowest for wheat (0.37%). For P, total tract digestibility was lowest for wheat (15%; P < 0.05) and did not differ among DDGS samples (53 to 56%; P > 0.10). Total N excretion was highest for wheat/corn DDGS and wheat DDGS (55 and 58 g d -1 ; P < 0.05), intermediate for corn DDGS (44) and lowest for wheat (36). Total P excretion did not differ among DDGS (11 g d -1 ) and was lowest for wheat (8; P < 0.05). In exp. 2, 100 pigs (52.0 ± 3.3 kg) were fed a wheat-pea control diet or one of three diets containing 25% of the three DDGS samples (3.375 Mcal DE kg -1 ; 2.50 g SID lysine Mcal -1 DE) for 5 wk. Overall, average daily feed intake (ADFI) and daily gain (ADG) were higher for pigs fed the wheat control diet than the DDGS-containing diets (P < 0.05), but feed efficiency did not differ (P > 0.10). In summary, the digestible nutrient content of wheat DDGS is lower than corn DDGS and higher than wheat. Following pre-characterization of digestible nutrient profile, feeding DDGS reduced growth performance indicating that further research is required to improve the nutritional value of DDGS. . Plus précisément, ils ont quantifié la digestibilité et la fraction digestible de l'énergie, des acides aminés et du P, l'excrétion de N et de P, ainsi que le taux de croissance de porcs d'engrais-finition. Dans la première expérience, 12 castrats canulés à l'iléon (64,6 ± 6,4 kg) ont eut un accès limité (2,6 × ration d'entretien) à une ration témoin à base de blé ou à l'une de trois rations renfermant 40 % de DDES de maïs, de blé ou...

This feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on nutrient digestibility and performance when fed to broiler chicks. A total of 125, day-old, male broiler chicks (52.8 ± 0.6 g) were fed wheat/soybean meal-based diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20% wheat DDGS. There were five birds per pen and five replicate pens per treatment. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter (P = 0.001), energy (P = 0.001) and phosphorus (P = 0.001) declined in a linear manner with increasing levels of wheat DDGS in the diet. Despite the lower digestibility of nutrients in diets containing wheat DDGS, there were no significant differences in weight gain (P = 0.721), feed intake (P = 0.748) or feed conversion (P = 0.766) due to the incorporation of wheat DDGS in the diet, although weight gain and feed conversion showed a tendency to decline at the highest inclusion level (20%) in the diet. The overall results of this study indicate that wheat DDGS can be successfully incorporated into diets fed to broiler chicks. Potential detrimental factors contained in wheat DDGS, including a low energy and low lysine content, can be compensated for in diet formulation. Therefore, when the price of alternative feed ingredients dictates, wheat DDGS can be incorporated into diets at levels as high as 15% without detrimental effects on broiler performance.

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein level and protein digestibility on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers from 1 to 35 d of age. Broiler chickens (n = 320) were fed 4 different ideal protein-balanced, isocaloric diets in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of protein [high protein (HiPro; 20 and 18% or 200 and 180 g/kg) and low protein (LoPro; 18 and 16% or 180 and 160 g/kg) on d 1 to 14 and d 15 to 35, respectively] and 2 levels of protein digestibility [high digestibility (HiDig) and low digestibility (LoDig); approximately 85% and 80% CP digestibility, respectively]. The HiDig diets were formulated using soybean meal and fishmeal, whereas the LoDig diets used wheat distillers dried grains with solubles and meat and bone meal as the primary protein sources. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values of the wheat distillers dried grains with solubles and meat and bone meal (56.5 and 72.0% SID for lysine, respectively) were measured before the experiment to improve the accuracy of the diet formulations. During the starter phase, the interaction was significant for ADG; birds fed the LoPro-LoDig diet grew slower than birds fed the other 3 diets (P< 0.05). During the grower phase, the interaction was significant for ADFI; birds fed the LoPro-LoDig diet had the lowest ADFI compared with those fed the other 3 diets. The interaction between protein level and digestibility was significant for the SID of most of the AA and was significantly higher for birds fed the HiPro-HiDig diet compared with those fed the other 3 diets. Total breast meat yield was significantly higher in birds fed the HiPro diets than in those fed the LoPro diets, whereas birds fed the HiDig diets had significantly more abdominal fat than those fed the LoDig diets. The results suggest that low-protein diets can support growth performance equal to high-protein diets when highly digestible ingredients are used. However, maximum breast meat yield requires a high-protein diet and is not affected by ingredient digestibility.

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of graded levels of camelina meal and/or canola meal on digestibility, performance and fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. A total of 180-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of the six treatments. The control diet was based on wheat and soybean meal and contained 15% canola meal. The experimental diets contained 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% or 15% camelina meal added at the expense of canola meal. Chromic oxide (0.35%) was added to all diets as a digestibility marker. On the morning of day 22, birds were killed by cervical dislocation and their abdominal fat pad was obtained. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and energy as well as nitrogen retention all declined linearly (p < 0.01) with increasing levels of dietary camelina meal. Weight gain (p < 0.01) and feed intake (p = 0.08) were linearly reduced as the level of camelina meal in the diet increased. Feed conversion ratio was also negatively affected by camelina meal (p < 0.01). Birds fed diets containing 15% camelina meal had significantly higher (p < 0.01) levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, total n-3 fatty acids, total n-6 fatty acids and a significantly lower ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids (p < 0.01) than birds fed canola meal. In conclusion, the inclusion of camelina meal in their diet significantly reduced the growth and feed conversion ratio of broilers compared with canola meal. However, the potential to incorporate n-3 fatty acids into carcass tissues may provide some justification for including camelina meal in poultry rations.

Widyaratne, G. P., Patience, J. F. and Zijlstra, R. T. 2009. Effect of xylanase supplementation of diets containing wheat distiller's dried grains with solubles on energy, amino acid and phosphorus digestibility and growth performance of growerfinisher pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 89: 91Á95. Wheat-based diets with or without wheat distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) were tested with or without supplementary xylanase (4000 U kg Á1 feed) in a 2 )2 factorial arrangement. In eight ileal-cannulated barrows, xylanase improved the apparent ileal digestibility of energy and threonine in wheat (PB0.05), but not in wheat DDGS diets (P 0.10). Xylanase did not affect total tract digestibility of energy or P (P0.10). In 72 grower-finisher pigs, xylanase did not increase growth performance of pigs fed either wheat or wheat DDGS (P0.10). The differential response of supplementary xylanase to wheat versus wheat DDGS diets indicates that the arabinoxylans in wheat DDGS did not match the specific xylanase activity.Key words: Distiller's dried grains with solubles, digestibility, energy, pig, xylanase Widyaratne, G. P., Patience, J. F. et Zijlstra, R. T. 2009. Incidence de l'addition de xylanase aux rations contenant des dre`ches de distillerie et des solubles du ble´sur la digestibilite´de l'e´nergie, des acides amine´s et du phosphore ainsi que sur la croissance des porcs d'engrais et de finition. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 89: 91Á95. Les auteurs ont teste´des rations a`base de ble´avec ou sans dre`ches de distillerie avec solubles (DDGS) de ble´enrichies ou pas de xylanase (4 000 U par kg d'aliment) dans le cadre d'une expe´rience factorielle 2 )2 sur huit castrats canule´s a`l'ile´on. La xylanase ame´liore la digestibilite´apparente de l'e´nergie et de la thre´onine dans l'ile´on pour les rations a`base de ble´(PB0,05), mais pas celles faites de DDGS de ble´(P0,10). La xylanase n'affecte pas la digestibilite´totale de l'e´nergie ni celle du P dans le tube digestif (P0,10). Chez 72 porcs d'engrais ou de finition, la xylanase n'a pas accru la croissance des sujets, que ce soit avec la ration de ble´ou celle de DDGS de ble´(P 0,10). La re´action diffe´rente de la ration de ble´et de celle de DDGS de ble´au supple´ment de xylanase indique que les arabinoxylanes dans les DDGS de ble´ne sont pas aussi actifs que la xylanase.Mots clé s: Dre`ches de distillerie avec solubles, digestibilite´, e´nergie, porc, xylanase Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) produced from wheat is available in western Canada for inclusion in swine feeds. During the fermentation process, most of the cereal starch is consumed, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide. The remaining fibre, protein, and fat are concentrated. Arabinoxylans are the predominant component of fibre or non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) in wheat and wheat DDGS (Widyaratne and Zijlstra 2007).The inverse relationship between NSP content and nutrient digestibility in pigs has been well documented. Supplemental xylanase may hydrolyze arabinoxylans and thereby increase energy digestibilit...