An analysis of revision findings over an extended observation period can enable middle-ear surgeons to improve their surgical techniques and to select the best suited prosthesis. Self-fabricated stapes prostheses (e.g., Schuknecht) do not conform to required quality standards and should not be used. GoPi, which is no longer available, and TPlPi showed prosthesis-related diagnostic findings. The titanium prostheses used by the authors have proven to be excellently compatible and can therefore be recommended as safe stapes prostheses.
The frequency and possible causes of erosion and necrosis of the long process of the incus induced by various types of prostheses following stapes surgery for otosclerosis are discussed. Between 1987 and 1995, 1144 stapes operations were performed including 117 revisions of stapes surgery performed by third parties and 27 revisions performed by the author. For the first time, necrosis of the long process of the incus caused by teflonplatinum piston is described on the basis of findings in five cases, in which the platinum loop had completely transmigrated the incudal process in a medial direction. By using pictures of the teflon-platinum piston and a gold piston taken by a scanning electron microscopy and a comparison between the use of a teflon-wire piston and a gold piston in two operations, an hypothesis is made that the winding grooves in the surface of the teflon shaft together with impaired middle ear mechanics were the main causes of a scar being contracted in the direction of the oval window niche with resulting necrosis of the incudal process. Requirements for an optimum stapes prosthesis are summarized as a result of the operative observations made.
Im Laufe der 40jährigen Geschichte der Steigbügeloperation erschienen zahlreiche Publikationen zur Fragestellung, welche Operationstechnik und welche Steigbügelprothese in der Lage sind, die für den Patienten entscheidende, beste und dauerhafte Hörverbesserung zu erreichen. Dazu ist jetzt eine retrospektive Studie von Grolman et al. [3] veröffentlicht worden, die die postoperativen Hörergebnisse von 34 Cawthorne-Teflonpiston 0,3mm und 26 Causse-Teflonpiston 0,4mm im Zeitraum von 1991 bis 1994 verglichen hat.
Die Operationen wurden in allen 60Fällen mit der Operationstechnik nach Marquet [7] ("micro-pick Technique") von demselben Operateur (2. Koautor) durchgeführt. Im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Arbeiten, die das Frequenzspektrum von 0,5 bis 2 kHz bzw. 4 kHz zugrunde legten, umfaßt diese Arbeit das Frequenzspektrum von 125 Hz bis 8 kHz.Die beiden verwendeten Teflonprothesen brachten einen guten Hörgewinn in allen Frequenzen bis auf die 8-kHz-Frequenz, die nur den geringen Höranstieg von 3,2 dB bei einer Schallleitungskomponente von 50 dB bzw. 40 dB aufwies. Der 0,4mm-Teflonpiston erreichte im Vergleich zum 0,3mm-Piston in allen übrigen Frequenzen ein besseres postoperatives Hörergebnis, im unteren Frequenzbereich bis 1 kHz statistisch signifikant.
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