According to scientific publications, transformation of nutrients in the rabbit feed should be studied with regard to rabbit nutritional specifics that is caused by differences of alimentary canal of the species, involving microorganism role in the digestive process. In the experiment, The research considered the transformation of essential micronutrients of feed (Zn, Cu, and Mn) and their concentration in muscle carcasses of rabbits of differentl age and origine, in industrial rabbit production in Prykarpatyia. Feeding norms and nutrient requirements for experimental animals were performed according to rabbit nutrition requirements approved by the VIII International Rabbit Congress (EGRAN tables, 2004). It has been found out that supplying rabbits of different genotypes with the same nutrition affect the retention of studied micronutrients in certain muscles carcasses differently. The experiment demonstrated that the longest back muscle of a 3-month old new hybrid rabbit (NTC) contented the highest amount of zinc and accounted 6.78 � 0.118 mg kg-1 which was by 1.43 mg kg-1 (p =0.001) more than in the rabbits of the local chinchilla (second group). It is proved that the greatest amount of cuprum was concentrated in the hip carcasses of rabbits of the first group (NTC). This rabbit genotype (first group) dominated over the local breed (the second group) regarding this indicator, when the animals were 2 and 3 months old, by 0.15 and 0.49 mg kg-1 respectively (p=0.01). The content of manganese in the muscles of the hips was also higher in the newly-selected three-breed during all the farming period. Thus, at the age of 2 months, rabbits of the first group outweighed their peers in the second group by 6.52 mg kg-1 (p=0.05), at the age of 3 months - by 1.57 mg kg-1 (p=0.01) and at the age of 4 months - by 0.89 mg kg-1 (p0.01). The three-breed rabbit genotype of of the first group was dominated by pure-breed analogues of the second group in terms of weight gain and feed conversion by 7.5 and 3.4% respectively. Due to better transformation of these trace elements, in the body of intensively growing rabbits, the environment is less polluted. The highest concentration of these trace elements was found in the rabbit muscles of both groups in the 3rd month of life. The highest content of the micronutrients studied was observed in the longest and suprascapular muscle of rabbits. The prospects of further research on the study of the transformation of other heavy minerals in industrial cultivation of rabbits has been overviewed.
The article deals with the possibility of using feed additives in the feeding of broiler chickens and the peculiarities of their effect on the poultry organism. Contemporary data on the biological role of nutrients and energy in the feeding of broiler chickens are presented. The characteristics of the main feeds for poultry and the ways of reducing their prime cost in the conditions of broiler farms are given. The basic principles of effective feeding of poultry with forages of different content of metabolic energy and crude protein are considered, taking into account their assimilation in the body. Provided compound feed recipes and practical tips. It is established that high growth rate of broiler chickens in the start and groove periods (5–39 days) is provided by high-protein compound feeds – 23% (1–2 weeks), 21% (3–5 weeks) and exchange energy of 298 kcal and 305 kcal, respectively. With further cultivation in the finish forage the protein content in the forage decreases and the level of metabolic energy increases (up to 309 kcal). However, for each cross applies its own technology of cultivation and different rates of nutrients in raw materials. It is clear that effective breeding of broiler chickens is not possible without the proper rationing and use of protein and feed energy. Of course, provided that the supply of biologically active substances also corresponds to the normalized amount. Thus, the quality of poultry products is directly dependent on the quality of feed and the efficiency of transformation of feed energy into products.
The article the question of influence of feeding of the mixed fodders of different producers is considered on efficiency of growing of chickens-broilers. Results of research activities of efficiency of application of forage additions and basic forage are brought at growing of chickens-broilers in the conditions of poultry factory of the western region. It is determined that the combination of grain-growing components and concentrate 5 % LNB, that is added to the bulk of the mixed fodder, improves the power and biological value of the mixed fodders, in particular promotes genetic potential of modern cross-country race of “Ross-308”. Compounding the mixed fodders is brought and efficiency of application of concentrate is studied in feeding of chickens-broilers. Application of high-quality concentrate 5 % LNB in feeding of poultry provides more rationally and the economy use of feed. The results of researches are expounded in relation to the use of ВVMD and concentrate of LNB of different producers in feeding of chickens-broilers. It is determined that at application in the mixed fodders of concentrate 5 % LNB the productivity rises for chickens-broilers, the stored gets better to the sapling/pl and the charges of feed go down on unit of products. The mixed fodder is made from own feed raw material with addition of ВVMD, has more subzero productive action, however gives an opportunity to realize the modern level of genetic potential of the productivity of chickens-broilers of cross-country race of “Ross-308”. Use of concentrate of LNB in composition the mixed fodder, content of fat and albumen promote in pectoral muscles. Maybe anymore chickens-broilers consumed raw protein with a feed due to premix of LNB, the anymore albumen accumulated in pectoral muscles. Addition in the complement of premix of LNB of phytase protein of feed allows more effectively to use by a bird and to convert him into albumens of the products. The effective growing of chickens-broilers is impossible without the correct use of feed raw material, application and dosage of premix, quality mixing with a feed and technology of feeding of poultry.
The article highlights current data on the biological role of the most crucial feed nutrients - protein and lysine in the feeding of broiler chickens and their particular importance in the vital activity of the bird's body. A description of the value and quality of the main types of compound feed for poultry, recipes of compound feed with different protein and lysine content for specific age groups of broiler chickens, and practical advice on the peculiarities of feeding and rearing of poultry are given. Current brief information on amino acid feed additives and general features of more rational and practical use of various protein feed of both vegetable and animal origin in poultry feeding of meat crosses – grains of cereal crops, processed products of oil crops – soy, sunflower, and many other components are provided. Theoretically and experimentally, the expediency of using different essential feed protein sources, differing in amino acid composition and bioavailability, in poultry feeding rations has been substantiated. In particular, the main principles of adequate feeding of broilers with compound feed with an increased level of crude protein of vegetable origin and a lower level of animal protein are described. Brief information on the effectiveness of safe levels of lysine of synthetic origin in the diet based on a variety of local feeds when growing broiler chickens in the conditions of a poultry farm in the western region are presented. It was established that compound feed with a significantly increased protein content of various origins – 24 %, 22 % and 20 % – positively affects broiler chickens' productivity. The highest level of productivity was noted for the lysine content in broilers' compound feed in the first growing period – 1,22 %, in the second – 1,14 % and in the third – 1,09 %. The high quality, nutritional value, and beneficial effects of amino acid premixes are directly influenced by the available feed raw materials, mainly of vegetable origin, used for the production of compound feed in the conditions of a broiler poultry farm, the uniformity of mixing with the appropriate quality feed and the optimal dosage of amino acids in each portion of the feed mixture.
The article presents the results of descriptive modeling of egg production in geese of different genotypes to create a dimorphic population. T. Bridges' model in all groups of birds overestimated the egg-laying rates in the second and fifth months of egg-laying – by 0.41–7.63 % and 4.10–6.64 %, respectively. At the same time, in the fourth month of laying, she underestimated its value – by 4.13–6.91 %. In the middle of egg-laying, i.e., in the third month, this model most accurately described it – deviations of theoretical values from empirical ones were minimal (in the range of 0.37–2.43 %). In general, using the model of T. Bridges, the average percentage of deviations of the actual egg production from the empirical was 2.31– 4.37 %. The highest correspondence of essential indicators with those calculated among the studied groups was found in geese F2 (2.31 %). Using the model of F. Richards, similar trends in the mathematical description of egg-laying were observed. This model overestimated the value of egg production in geese of different genotype groups in the second (1.39–8.88 %) and fifth (5.00–7.43 %) months of egg-laying. In the fourth month, this model underestimated egg production in poultry in the range of 4.13–7.19 %. In general, the average percentage deviation of actual indicators theoretically determined by this model was low and was in the field of 2.47–5.07 %. Comparing the use of models of T. Bridges and F. Richards on geese of one group, we can note the higher efficiency of the first, i.e., higher accuracy of coincidence of actual and theoretical values of monthly egg production. Analysis of the coefficients of the models used among the geese of the studied groups shows that the most incredible exponential growth rate of the theoretical egg-laying curve is characteristic of the descendants of F1 and F2, while the function of T. Bridges is the lowest in the descendants of the third generation in the original breeds. According to the model of T. Bridges, the kinetic rate of increase of the theoretical curve according to the model T. Bridges is highest in birds F3, Rhine breed and created dimorphic geese, and according to the function of F. Richards – in F1, F2 and also in Rhine geese.
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