-A technological approach to the morphofunctional classification of forest species seedlings defines the essential structures in the evaluation of germination testing and identifies changes in this structures that suggest abnormalities. The objective was to associate morphofunctional seedling classification to seed germination testing using official germination methods for 50 forest species from Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Pantanal biomes. Morphofunctional classification and abnormalities were defined using seedlings from 232 germination pre-tests and 1,160 samples that were formed for each species using seeds from distinct locations and with at least three levels of vigor. The phanero-epigeal germination with a non-developed epicotyl predominated among species (84%). Common in hypogeal germination, the development of the epicotyl occurred only in seedlings of Anadenanthera colubrina and Erythrina speciosa, both with epigeal germination. The need to supply and sustain the great mass produced in its long life cycle, the presence of the primary root was considered essential for the normal seedling classification of these forest species. Curled, stunted, necrotic, bifurcated primary root and those retained in the seed coat or in the fruit structures, were the main abnormalities of the seedling root systems. Damages to the shoot system were uncommon.Index terms: abnormal seedlings, epigeal germination, hypogeal germination, tropical specie.Abordagem tecnológica da classificação morfofuncional de plântulas de 50 espécies florestais brasileiras RESUMO -A abordagem tecnológica da classificação morfofuncional de plântulas de espécies florestais define as estruturas essenciais na avaliação do teste de germinação e identifica alterações nessas estruturas que sugerem anormalidades. Assim, foi objetivo associar a classificação morfofuncional de plântulas ao teste de germinação usando métodos oficiais para 50 espécies florestais dos Biomas Amazônia, Caatinga, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica e Pantanal. A classificação morfofuncional e as anormalidades foram definidas a partir de plântulas obtidas em 232 pré-testes de germinação com 1.160 amostras, que foram formadas para cada espécie, com sementes coletadas em distintos locais e com, no mínimo, três níveis de vigor. O tipo de germinação phanero-epigeal com epicótilo não desenvolvido predominou entre as espécies (84%). Comum nas plântulas com germinação hipógea, o desenvolvimento do epicótilo ocorreu apenas em plântulas de Anadenanthera colubrina e Erythrina speciosa, ambas com germinação epígea. Pela necessidade de suprir e sustentar a grande massa produzida no seu longo ciclo de vida, a presença da raiz primária foi considerada essencial para a classificação de plântula normal dessas espécies florestais. A raiz primária enovelada, atrofiada, necrosada, bifurcada, retida no tegumento ou nas estruturas do fruto foram as principais anormalidades do sistema radicular. Danos na parte aérea das plântulas foram pouco frequentes.Termos para indexação: plântulas ...

Germination of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. seeds is non-uniform and asynchronous and there is still no consensus on the factors affecting it. Thus, the goal was to measure the robustness of pre-germination methods used to determine germination rates of C. langsdorffii seeds of different levels of quality and to present criteria for seedling classification that culminate in the officialization of one of these methods. Pre-germination methods were tested and the scarification of seeds sterilized with 0.05% NaClO was the most efficient for maximizing germination potential. Seeds of different quality were then treated with this method and collaborative tests evaluated by Ministry of Agriculture laboratories. These evaluations were based on normal seedlings produced from each seed lot. Morphofunctional classification was used throughout to determine essential seedling structures. Robustness of the method was measured by variance and the coefficient of variation of repeatability and reproducibility. Scarification and sterilization with sodium hypochlorite made it possible to both estimate the germination potential of seeds of different quality levels and reduce seedling infection and seed mortality. To analyze germination based on seedling criteria, normal seedlings of this species were defined as having thick cotyledons that are detached from the seed coat, developed hypocotyls and epicotyls and primary roots. These seedlings have woody primary roots and thick, sometimes poorly developed hypocotyls. Even though C. langsdorffii is a forest species and subject to high variability, the proximity of the percentages of normal seedlings among repetitions (low repeatability) and low inter-laboratory reproducibility reflecting the uniformity generated by the method.

No abstract

Banana plants are a food source that has good prospects. This is because bananas are very popular with all groups, and are easy to grow in tropical areas. There are many varieties of wild and cultivated bananas that grow in Indonesia, one of which grows around Lake Sentani, causing differences in morphological characters between types and between varieties of bananas. The purpose of this study was to determine the phenetic diversity of local Sentani bananas based on morphological characters. The research was conducted in June-October 2022 in five villages around Lake Sentani, namely Ayapo, Yahim, Kampung Harapan, Doyo and Netar using the exploration method and interviewing key informants. For morphological identification using banana descriptor guidelines from the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Morphological character data were analyzed in a quantitative descriptive manner using the NTSYs 2.01 application program. The results showed that there were 15 local banana cultivars based on the knowledge of the Sentani people. Based on the phenogram, the local Sentani bananas are grouped into two groups based on the character of the shape, size, color, taste, and color of the organs of the leaves, stems, flowers and fruit. The local banana cultivars have wide phenetic diversity with similarity coefficient values ranging from 20-73%. The closest similarity value is found in Hoyombi and Wabulu cultivars with a similarity value of 73%. The furthest similarity value was found in the Rawo and Anakhola cultivars in group A, and the Olukhu and Honggambu cultivars in group B with a value of 53%.  Key words: diversity; characters; morphology; bananas; Sentani.