The golden mosaic (begomovirus) and the yellowing (crinivirus) diseases are among the main viral diseases occurring in solanaceous crops in Brazil. A survey of viruses associated with both diseases was conducted on cultivated solanaceous plants from 2013 to 2017 to study their diversity and distribution in the Southeast/Midwest regions of Brazil. Samples from potato, eggplant, sweet pepper and tomato plants were collected in fields of seven Brazilian states (
Norepinephrine plays an important role in modulating memory through its beta-adrenergic receptors (Adrβ: β1, β2 and β3). Here, we hypothesized that multisensory stimulation would reverse memory impairment caused by the inactivation of Adrβ3 (Adrβ3KO) with consequent inhibition of sustained glial-mediated inflammation. To test this, 21- and 86-day-old Adrβ3KO mice were exposed to an 8-week multisensory stimulation (MS) protocol that comprised gustatory and olfactory stimuli of positive and negative valence; intellectual challenges to reach food; the use of hidden objects; and the presentation of food in ways that prompted foraging, which was followed by analysis of GFAP, Iba-1 and EAAT2 protein expression in the hippocampus (HC) and amygdala (AMY). The MS protocol reduced GFAP and Iba-1 expression in the HC of young mice but not in older mice. While this protocol restored memory impairment when applied to Adrβ3KO animals immediately after weaning, it had no effect when applied to adult animals. In fact, we observed that aging worsened the memory of Adrβ3KO mice. In the AMY of Adrβ3KO older mice, we observed an increase in GFAP and EAAT2 expression when compared to wild-type (WT) mice that MS was unable to reduce. These results suggest that a richer and more diverse environment helps to correct memory impairment when applied immediately after weaning in Adrβ3KO animals and indicates that the control of neuroinflammation mediates this response.
NUNES, G. G. Functional and anatomical study of the medial nucleus of the amygdala in the organization of social defense. 2021, 71p. Dissertation (Master thesis
Norepinephrine plays an important role in modulating memory consolidation and evocation through its beta-adrenergic receptors (Adrβ: β1, β2 and β3), which are expressed in the hippocampus (HC) and amygdala (AMY). Here we hypothesized that multisensory stimulation would reverse the memory impairment caused by the inactivation of the Adrβ3 with consequent inhibition of sustained glial-mediated inflammation and glutamatergic depuration. To test this, 21- and 86-day-old Adrβ3KO mice and respective controls underwent to (i) gustative and olfactive stimuli of positive and negative valence associated with (ii) intellectual challenges to reach the food in addition to (iii) objects in hidden places (iv) foraging for 8 weeks followed by (v) analysis of GFAP, Iba-1 and EAAT2 protein expression in the HC and AMY. While this protocol restored the memory impairment when applied to Adrβ3KO animals immediately after weaning, it had no effect when applied to adult animals. In fact, we observed that aging worsens the memory of Adrβ3KO mice. Although no significant expression of GFAP and Iba1 were observed in HC of young and old mice, Adrβ3KO increased EAAT2 expression HC of old mice, while MS didn’t change EAAT2 in young mice but enhanced it expression in older. Relative to AMY of old mice Adrβ3KO increased GFAP expression compared whit WT mice and MS sustained the GFAP expression and increased the EAAT2 expression compared with WT group. These results suggest that a richer and more diverse environment helps to correct memory impairment when applied right after weaning Adrβ3KO animals, also show that the changes in GFAP, Iba1 and EAAT2 expression levels in young and old mice indicate a functional significance in the process of learning and memory and that the control of neuroinflammation in limbic areas mediates this response. They also reinforce the idea that disruption of noradrenergic signaling could be involved in the cognitive impairment observed later in life.
Dentre as frutas produzidas no Brasil encontram-se o morango (Fragaria sp.), umpseudofruto com produção anual estimada em 105 mil toneladas, tendo comoprincipais produtores os estados de Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul e São Paulo.O cultivo do morango expandiu para diferentes tipos de climas e solos até suachegada ao Distrito Federal. Das diversas doenças do morangueiro encontra-se aAntracnose, causada pelo fungo do gênero Colletotrichum spp. Essa doença típica eagressiva manifesta-se principalmente pelo sintoma denominado flor-preta,causando sérios prejuízos para a localidades produtoras de morango, pois atacadiretamente as flores e frutos, provocando grande queda na produção. Atualmente aprincipal estratégia de controle deste fungo pelos produtores é o uso químico desubstância com efeito fungicida sobre a cultura. Indo na direção oposta, temos umaumento na procura de produtos naturais e orgânicos pela sociedade brasileira,seguindo inclusive uma tendência mundial. Diante disso, várias pesquisas estãotendo como foco principal o desenvolvimento de metodologias de controle dedoenças que sejam menos agressivos ao meio ambiente, e nesta circunstância oestudo do uso de óleos essenciais tem se mostrado como uma boa alternativa. Oobjetivo no presente estudo foi extrair e avaliar o efeito de cinco óleos essenciais emdiferentes concentrações, com propriedades antimicrobianas sobre o crescimentomicelial e germinação de conídios, das plantas capim limão (Cymbopogon citratusStaph), citronela (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle.), manjericão (OcimumbasilicumL.), tomilho (Thymus vulgarisL.), sálvia (Salvia officinalis L.). A metodologiautilizada para extração dos óleos essenciais foi por hidrodestilação utilizando oaparelho tipo Clevenger, e para a contagem de conídios foi utilizada a Câmara deNeubauer. Para avaliar o efeito dos óleos essenciais no crescimento micelial,esporulação e germinação de esporos do fungo foram utilizadas alíquotas de 5, 10,15, 20 e 25 μL do óleo essencial, e estas foram distribuídas na superfície do meio decultura BDA contido em placas de Petri antes da repicagem do fungo. Das cincoespécies de plantas utilizadas para a extração do óleo essencial, em apenas duas(capim-limão e citronela) as quantidades de óleo extraídas foram suficientes para arealização dos experimentos delineados. Para fim de comparação de eficiência foiutilizado uma testemunha e um fungicida comercial (sulfato de cobre). As alíquotas apartir de 15 μL inibiram em mais de 60% a germinação e a produção dos esporosisolados quando comparados com a testemunha, e mais eficientes, inclusive, que ofungicida. Nos estudos, o óleo essencial do capim-limão mostrou-se mais efetivo doque o óleo de citronela. Diante disso, os óleos essenciais revelam-se uma propíciaalternativa para o desenvolvimento de tratamentos fitossanitários para o uso dedoenças em plantas, dentre elas o morangueiro
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