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This work describes the current state of research on the potential relationship between protein content in human saliva and dental caries, which remains among the most common oral diseases and causes irreversible damage in the oral cavity. An understanding the whole saliva proteome in the oral cavity could serve as a prerequisite to obtaining insight into the etiology of tooth decay at early stages. To date, however, there is no comprehensive evidence showing that salivary proteins could serve as potential indicators for the early diagnosis of the risk factors causing dental caries. Therefore, proteomics indicates the promising direction of future investigations of such factors, including diagnosis and thus prevention in dental therapy.

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Open Life Sci. 2017; 12: 248-265 revealed information about potential risk factors associated with the development of caries-susceptibility and provides a better understanding of tooth protection mechanisms.Keywords: saliva; proteins; caries-susceptible; cariesfree; proteomic analysis; bioinformatics IntroductionDental caries, resulting in demineralization of the tooth structure, is ranked among the most prevalent chronic diseases of people worldwide [1][2][3]. Although it is not a lifethreatening disorder, it still represents a serious health issue with a significant effect on general health and quality of life [4,5].A complex set of interactions between acid producing bacteria and fermentable carbohydrates contribute to caries-risk [6,7]. Other factors associated with caries are saliva properties [8], genetic predispositions [9,10], age and immunological status, and behavioral factors like nutrition level and hygiene habits [2,11].The diagnostic assessment using the molecular analysis (e.g., to find protein markers) related to formation of tooth decay at early stages may help to identify risk factors and help with dental screening and personalized dental treatment.Recently, intensive investigation of protein functions in saliva as possible indicators for predicting caries-risk has begun using the state-of-the-art methodologies such as metabolomics, genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics [12].Vitorino et al. [13] published an early proteomic analysis evaluating the proteome of human saliva and the level of protein expression and adsorption on the human dental enamel surface. The authors compared the whole saliva proteome of male individuals having no dental caries to those afflicted with dental caries. Both saliva incubated with hydroxyapatite as well as in vivo extracts from the Abstract: Background: Dental caries disease is a dynamic process with a multi-factorial etiology. It is manifested by demineralization of enamel followed by damage spreading into the tooth inner structure. Successful early diagnosis could identify caries-risk and improve dental screening, providing a baseline for evaluating personalized dental treatment and prevention strategies. Methodology: Salivary proteome of the whole unstimulated saliva (WUS) samples was assessed in caries-free and caries-susceptible individuals of older adolescent age with permanent dentition using a nano-HPLC and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Results: 554 proteins in the caries-free and 695 proteins in the caries-susceptible group were identified. Assessment using bioinformatics tools and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis revealed qualitative differences between these two proteomes. Members of the cariessusceptible group exhibited a branch of cytokine binding gene products responsible for the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infections. Inspection of molecular functions and biological processes of caries-susceptible saliva samples revealed significant categories predominantly related to the activity of proteolytic peptidases, ...

The electrical properties of the supported lipid bilayer membrane (s-BLM) of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) self-assembled on agar surface were examined. To characterize the insulating properties of s-BLMs, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used. The analysis of impedance spectra in terms of an equivalent circuit of agar/electrolyte and agar/s-BLM/electrolyte in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz-10 kHz was performed. The high-density lipoproteins (HDL)/s-BLM interaction in the concentration range from 20 microg/ml to 80 microg/ml of HDL was investigated. It is evident that treatment of s-BLM with HDL resulted in an increase of the lipid film resistance and a decrease of membrane capacitance.