One of the key tasks for the world community is the development of energy, which is one of the fundamental components of the economy. However, one cannot deny the fact that energy is the main factor in environmental pollution, which leads to the constant search for such types of energy sources that would have a positive impact on the economic development of territories and favourably affect the environment, alternative sources to traditional ones. Currently, there is an energy transformation, the main condition of which is the development of alternative energy technologies. One of the prospects for the economic and environmental development of the territories is the efficient use of renewable energy sources, which are becoming increasingly important in the world community and the global energy balance, and are becoming a substitute resource for traditional fossil energy resources. The article aims to analyse the economic and environmental aspects of the development of renewable energy in Kazakhstan and identify the main prospects. In the framework of the study, the concept of renewable energy sources, their main types are defined, the opinion of various authors regarding the development of renewable energy sources is described, the main directions aimed at stimulating the development of renewable energy are considered. The development of renewable energy in Kazakhstan in comparison with other countries (USA, China, Germany, Russia) is considered, the main problems are identified, the prospects for the development of renewable energy are also considered. The prospects for further research are determined by the subsequent study of the development of renewable energy sources, taking into account economic and environmental aspects. The article is of practical value in the framework of generalising data on the development of renewable energy in Kazakhstan and foreign countries.
The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned upon the fact that currently the main direction of global energy development is already clearly visible: under the influence of changes in energy policy and the development of new technologies, the world is entering the stage of the fourth energy transition to the widespread use of renewable energy sources and displacement of fossil fuels. The development of Kazakhstan's economy requires the transition of energy towards clean and safe renewable sources, which will let the country build a new strong economy and break out of the long-running socio-economic decline, help the international community solve the problem of climate change and improve the safety and welfare of its citizens. The purpose of the study: The purpose of the paper is to develop recommendations for the development of Kazakhstan's energy industry at a new stage in the fundamental transformation of the global energy system. Leading approach to researching the problem. The leading methods of researching the problems of the paper include the analysis of theoretical sources, analysis of statistics, and comparison. Analysis of statistical indicators plays a crucial role in the study, since data on the development of Kazakhstan's energy industry can be directly obtained from statistical databases. The results of the study. The paper discusses the essence of the fourth energy transition, its main aspects, explores renewable energy sources, identifies the features and problems of Kazakhstan's energy industry, and develops ways to solve them. Prospects for further research. To implement the modern provisions of the fourth energy transition in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to use a systematic approach. The basic elements of such a transition are the introduction of renewable energy and energy efficiency (the intensification of reducing the energy intensity of goods and services). The materials of the paper are of practical value for the development of Kazakhstan’s energy during the period of fundamental structural transformations of the world energy sector.
One of the main factors in the development of mankind and a necessary means of subsistence is energy production, but there is also a downside – environmental impact. Energy has become a part of a human’s life, production activity, however, the environmental aspect of energy use is becoming no less significant, considering the intensity of the impact. Mankind is actively seeking cleaner energy production and more efficient technologies within its use, which are more economical. It can be noted that the current stage of development is based on the “three pillars”: Energy, Ecology, Economics. A special place is given to the energy sector, since this is the main factor that determines both the environment and the economy. Regarding the economy in this situation, it is possible to talk about the well-being of people and the economic potential of the country. As for ecology, in this direction the negative impact of energy, direct or indirect (production and use) is significant. Here it is about the biosphere as a whole and about the ecosystem. In this context, it is about thermal, radioactive, chemical, aerosol and many other types of pollution. The energy problem is quite acute, the solution of this problem depends on the resolution of both economic and environmental problems. The aim of the article is to analyse the structure of the energy sector in Kazakhstan and determine its impact on the environment with consideration of directions to reduce the negative impact. As part of the study, the role of energy for the state, as well as for ecology, is determined, the modern aspects of energy development in the world are considered, the issue of combating emissions at the international level is also covered, the main international agreements are described to limit the negative impact of energy on the environment. The structure of Kazakhstan’s energy, energy production and emissions are considered. The data were studied in comparison with other countries (USA, China, Germany, Russia), the main problems were identified, and prospects for the development of renewable energy were also considered. The prospects for further research are determined by the subsequent study of the development of energy and its impact on the environment and the prospects for the development of alternative energy. The article is of practical value within data generalisation on the development of energy in Kazakhstan and foreign countries.
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