PurposeTo determine the effect of phacoemulsification on macular volume and thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography examinations.MethodsTwenty-seven eyes of 27 subjects who underwent phacoemulsification were studied. All nine areas of the macula were examined by spectral domain optical coherence tomography preoperatively and 2 months postoperatively. Effective phacoemulsification time and absolute phacoemulsification time were also recorded.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in macular thickness between preoperative and postoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography examinations in nine areas including macular volume. In the paracentral macular area, the thickness of three quadrants significantly increased (superior P=0.015; temporal P=0.001; and nasal P=0.023). Peripheral macular thickness also increased significantly in the superior (P=0.05) and temporal macular areas (P<0.001). The macular volume increased significantly after phacoemulsification (P<0.001). There were no correlations between absolute/effective phacoemulsification time and macular cellular structures (P>0.05), but a significant correlation (P=0.011) was found between absolute phacoemulsification time and change in macular volume.ConclusionMacular thickness changes in the nasal, superior, and temporal quadrants of the paracentral area and the superior and temporal quadrants of the peripheral area, as well as macular volume, may be used as detailed biomarkers to measure the effects of intraocular pressure fluctuations and maneuvers in phacoemulsification intraocular surgeries.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji daya hambat sabun antiseptik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Salmonella typhi. Sampel yang dipakai adalah sebanyak 4 sabun antiseptik (sabun A, B, C dan D) dengan masing-masing konsentrasi sebesar 10%, 20%, 30% dan 40%. Proses pengenceran sesuai dengan konsentrasinya dapat mengubah kemampuan sabun dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri yang diuji dengan metode difusi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa keempat sampel sabun antiseptik memiliki efektivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Salmonella typhi. Namun pada Escherichia coli, rata-rata diameter zona hambat yang paling besar adalah pada sabun antiseptik A dengan konsentrasi 40% yaitu 26 mm dan rata-rata diameter zona hambat paling kecil adalah pada sabun antiseptik D dengan konsenstrasi 10% yaitu 7 mm. Sedangkan pada Salmonella typhi rata-rata diameter zona hambat paling besar adalah pada sabun antiseptik A dengan konsentrasi 40% yaitu 20 mm dan rata-rata diameter zona hambat paling kecil adalah pada sabun antiseptik B dengan konsentrasi 10% yaitu 10 mm. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi karena dinding penyusun dari kedua bakteri tersebut berbeda dan kandungan dari masing-masing sabun juga berbeda.