The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties 4. Production 4.1. Principles 4.1.1. Thermodynamics 4.1.2. Kinetics and Mechanism 4.1.3. Byproducts 4.2. Catalysts 4.2.1. Conventional Methanol Synthesis Catalysts Catalysts for High‐Pressure Synthesis 4.2.2. Production of Low‐Pressure Catalysts 4.2.3. Alternative Catalyst Systems 5. Process Technology 5.1. Production of Synthesis Gas 5.1.1. Natural Gas 5.1.2. Other Raw Materials 5.2. Synthesis 5.2.1. Reactor Design 5.2.2. Large‐Scale Methanol Synthesis Loop Designs 5.3. Alternative Synthesis Routes 5.3.1. CO 2 ‐to‐Methanol 5.3.2. Liquid Phase Methanol Synthesis (LPMEOH) 5.3.3. Direct Oxidation of Methane 5.4. Distillation of Crude Methanol 5.5. Construction Materials 6. Handling, Storage, and Transportation 6.1. Explosion and Fire Control 6.2. Storage and Transportation 7. Quality Specifications and Analysis 8. Environmental Protection 9. Uses 9.1. Use as Feedstock for Chemical Syntheses 9.2. Use as Energy Source 9.3. Other Uses 10. Economic Aspects 11. Toxicology and Occupational Health 11.1. GHS Specifications 11.2. Toxicology 11.3. Occupational Health

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B 512 F dextran fractions of different polydispersities were prepared by fractionhal precipitation and preparative elution chromatography. By combination of low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), absolute average molecular weights (MWs) and molecular weight distribution functions (MWDs) were determined. Static and thermodynamical properties in terms of polymer dimensions and second virial coefficient of dilute solutions of dextran in water have been investigated. The results indicate that dextran macromolecules in water are rather compact and impenetrable coils. Measuring the disaggregation shear stress of dextran-induced red blood cell aggregates by laser light reflectometry, the macromolecular bridging energy was shown to depend upon dextran sample polydispersity. This reflects the weak and reversible character of red blood cell aggregation by dextran chains in physiological saline solution.

and SFB 123, Im Neuenheimer Feld 256, 6900 Heidelberg Cluster-Bildung / Flhsigkeiten / Lichtstreuung Very sensitive and accurate elastic light scattering (LS) measurements have been carried out on mixtures of water with methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol. Methanol showed no particular effect, while ethanol, 2-propanol and 1-propanol showed signs of increasing cluster formation at a composition of 1 alcohol molecule to 5 water molecules. For the mixture of 1-propanol with water, additional measurements of the quasielastic light scattering have been made and the hydrodynamic radii of the clusters have been calculated. This led to the suggestion of a cluster consisting of 8 1-propanol molecules and a solvation envelope of about 40 water molecules. The concentration of this cluster was determined by elastic LS to be 83% of the total solution weight at 25 "C and a composition of 40% by weight 1-propanol in water. The clusters appear to be rather stable, as the hydrodynamic radius showed no significant variation with temperature in the 5" to 50°C range. The concentration was however temperature dependent, as could be shown with elastic LS.