ABSTRACT. The article examines relevance of conflicts studies through the concept of social tension. There are two main parts in the paper. The first one is devoted to the conceptualization of the problem. It deals with key problems of modern Russia society and the main characteristics of the social tension. The second part consists of the experience of empirical study in which social tension is a central issue. This paper is based on the empirical study, which was conducted by the authors in St. Petersburg, Russia. In this research the tools designed for measurement of social tension in the urban community were tested. For the analysis of the empirical data authors used such methods as micro-analysis of crosstabs with standardized residuals and chi-square; cluster analysis. The empirical research indicates an important role of the social tension in conflict analysis and shows some of the main indicators of social tension.

Введение. Анализ современной научной российской литературы выявил фрагментарность исследования указанной проблематики и явную недостаточность методологического обоснования разработки эффективных и практических стратегий управления конфликтами и программ регулирующего воздействия на конфликтные ситуации в образовательном процессе. Целью статьи является разработка теоретико-методологического инструментария конфликтологической диагностики высших учебных заведений и модели мониторинга конфликтогенных факторов в современных университетах. Материалы и методы. Методологической базой исследования являются основные положения современной теории организационного конфликта. Использовались количественные методы, позволяющие получать репрезентативные данные о конфликтных ситуациях в подразделениях вуза и качественные методы, выявляющие мотивацию поведения в конфликтных ситуациях. Для статистической обработки данных применялся пакет для анализа данных SPSS for Windows 13.0. Результаты исследования. Представлены основные характеристики и классификация различных видов конфликтов в образовательном процесс, проанализированы его конфликтогенные детерминанты. На основе методологии анализа социальных конфликтов авторами обосновывается классификация субъектов образовательного процесса на несколько групп. Обоснована необходимость проведения конфликтологических мониторингов с целью прогнозирования, управления и минимизации деструктивных последствий конфликтов; определен перечень показателей, позволяющих оценивать факторы конфликтогенности образовательного процесса. Обсуждение и заключения. Практическая значимость исследования состоит в том, что применение мониторинга позволяет получить валидные результаты реальной картины конфликтов как необходимого компонента эффективного управления университетом. Материалы статьи могут представлять интерес не только для исследователей проблем управления конфликтами в современном университете, но и для менеджмента высших учебных заведений. Результаты исследования будут способствовать разработке конкретных решений по развитию системы образования как инструмента формирования ценностей солидарности и социально-политической устойчивости современного российского общества. Ключевые слова: конфликтогенный фактор, конфликт, высшее учебное заведение, образовательная деятельность, мониторинг, показатель конфликтогенности Благодарности: авторы признательны анонимным рецензентам за подробный анализ статьи, высказанные ценные замечания и комментарии, которые внесли существенный вклад в подготовку окончательного варианта рукописи.

The article analyzes the influence of the moral culture of the Russian population on social tension. Moral culture is considered as a system of interpersonal attitudes that characterize the ability of members of a social community to maintain relationships of mutual trust, mutual respect and mutual assistance. The empirical basis of the study is the data of the AllRussian surveys conducted by the Institute for Comparative Social Research (CESSI) within the framework of the Russian Social Research under the European Social Research Program in 2006 and 2018. As indicators of moral culture are used variables that reflect the cautious or trusting attitude of respondents to most people; an assessment of the self-serving or honest attitude of most people to respondents; an assessment by respondents of the ratio of people focused on caring only for themselves or helping others. Variables that reflect negative assessments by respondents of the state of economic, social, political etc., as well as negative assessments of the impact of immigrants on the different spheres of life in countries are considered as indicators of social tension. Based on the use of statistical methods of data analysis, it was found that negative assessments of the state of spheres of life and the influence of immigrants on these spheres are less characteristic of respondents who trust the majority of people, are confident in the honesty of most people and their desire to help each other. A comparative analysis of changes in indicators of moral culture and social tension in the period from 2006 to 2018 in the country as a whole and in individual federal districts of the country shows that an increase of the value of moral culture indicators is accompanied by a decrease in the value of the social tension considered indicators.

The article focuses on the populations perception and understanding of their vulnerability to dangers, assessment of risks, threats and environmental security in the context of all these factors influence on political and social relations. The authors consider a number of issues related to the influence of social-demographic characteristics, political attitudes, level and quality of life on the perception of risks; identify social, institutional and political grounds of risk perception. The article aims at identifying the relationship between risk reflections of different social groups in the Russian society and practices of political participation. The article is based on the data of the all-Russian survey conducted in November 2019 with the support of the Resource Center of the Science Park of the Saint Petersburg State University Sociological and Internet Studies. The authors show the attitude of Russians to real actual threats, their willingness to participate in mass protests and various forms of political action. Based on the analysis of z-values, the authors show a possible relationship between the structure of real threats and the willingness of social groups to participate in political actions, and also the impact of age, profession, and income on this relationship. The authors identified groups more inclined to non-conventional political action. Their potential protest is determined not only by dissatisfaction with the level and quality of life, but also by solidarity with other groups and the desire to improve the situation.

This article deals with the role of mediation in conflict management and especially in the monitoring of conflict factors of education activities. In the article the authors analyse the system of monitoring and its principles and methods. Special attention is paid to the integration of monitoring and mediation. Recently, the mediation institution has been developing quite actively in Russia. Mediation is a negotiation with a third neutral party. It differs from negotiations by the removal of responsibility for carrying out procedures from representatives of the parties. It is one of the ways of conflict prevention and regulation. The article shows different models of embedding of mediation into the conflict management system in high school. Mediation and monitoring are considered as important parts of this management