No abstract

No abstract

Inhibitory effect against melanogenesis and the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methylene chloride fractions of 80% methanol extracts of mung bean ( L.) seeds and sprouts were determined. EtOAc extract fractions from mung bean sprouts germinated for 12 h (33.5%), 1 day (56.5%), and 2 days (47.9%) inhibited melanogenesis more effectively than arbutin (16.3%). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was higher in an EtOAc extract fraction from mung bean sprouts germinated for 2 days (70.5%). EtOAc extract fractions from mung bean sprouts germinated for 1 day showed excellent whitening effects due to the flavone vitexin. Extracts from mung bean sprouts germinated for 1 day can be used as a novel whitening cosmeceutical ingredient.

In this study, three dicaffeoylquinic acids (DCQAs) isolated from Gnaphalium affine D. DON. extracts were structurally identified and evaluated for their antioxidant activities, cellular protective effects, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. The ethyl acetate fraction of G. affine was chromatographed, which yielded 3 DCQA derivatives of 1-3 : 3,5-dicaffoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA, 1), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4,5-DCQA, 2), 1,5-dicaffoylquinic acid (1,5-DCQA, 3). The structure of each compounds was determined using 1 H NMR and MS analyses. Compounds of 1-3 showed strong free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities (FSC50 = 3.70, 5.80, and 5.50 µM, respectively) compared to those of a commonly used lipophilic antioxidant, (+)-α-tocopherol (21.90 µM). Cellular protective effects of 1-3 compounds on the 1 O2 sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were similar to (+)-α-tocopherol. 1-3 compounds also exhibited higher tyrosinase inhibitory effects (IC50 = 0.15, 0.16, and 0.13 mM) compared to arbutin (0.33 mM), known as a skin-whitening agent. These results indicate that three DCQA derivatives may be applied as an antioxidant and a skin whitening agent in food or cosmetic industries.

Liquiritin and its aglycone, liquiritigenin are flavonoid found in licorice that show anti-oxidant and anti-aging properties. In this study, ethosomes loaded with hydrophobic liquiritigenin or liquiritin were prepared as a transdermal delivery system. The particle size, entrapment efficiency, and skin permeability of ethosomes were evaluated. Ethosome containing liquiritigenin was stable up to 2 mM and ethosome containing liquiritin was stable up to 0.75 mM concentration. The particle size of ethosomes containing 0.75 mM liquiritigenin and liquiritin was 143.85 and 158.90 nm, respectively and the entrapment efficiency was 47.51 and 54.61%, respectively. The entrapment efficiency was improved with increasing concentrations of drugs. Ethosomes loaded with liquiritigenin or liquiritin were superior in skin permeation ability compared to that of 20% ethanol solution and conventional liposomes. These results suggest that ethosomes containing 0.50 mM liquiritigenin or liquiritin are effective for the skin permeation and may be used as an antiaging and antioxidant ingredient in cosmetic formulation.