Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its importance in companies around the globe have grown substantially in the past years. With the advent of globalization, managers in different contexts have been exposed to the notion of CSR and are being pressured to adopt CSR initiatives. This made organizations develop strategies to enhance managing their ways of working in a way that they can produce an overall positive impact on the surrounding environment. CSR helps the organization succeed in balancing its business goals and its impact on the environment. It is becoming vital for organizations to adopt environment-friendly ways of working, which not only lessens their negative impacts but also gives back to the community in general. However, despite CSR being a very significant issue, Lebanese companies, organizations and service industries are not quite embracing it as a fundamental part of their business plan. Failing to realize the authentic significance of CSR in the community and the low awareness levels about the topic will eventually have negative results on the companies themselves. Moreover, CSR is still a not well-comprehended term in Lebanese society as its benefits are vague and unclear. This research is an exploratory and quantitative study using a survey questionnaire distributed to a convenient sample of Lebanese managers and employees working in 5 different service industries in Lebanon. The purpose is to assess what motivates companies in Lebanon to adopt CSR strategies. Accordingly, the research also seeks to highlight people's awareness about CSR which in turn forces these companies to engage in CSR activities that will lead to a win-win situation. The outcomes may serve as eye openers and may shed light on important facts to be considered for further research or policy planning.

English language has become a cosmopolitan language. It is the lingua franca of the 21st century. This fact has turned learning the language to a must since it is the international language of communication. As teachers of English for more than 20 years, we have come to realize that to be successful in class, we need to learn and use English as a tool that helps us access information from other cultures and be able to transfer this knowledge and skill to our learners. We also need to provide our learners with enough exposure to English as used in context. However, this is not enough to turn our learners into 21st century citizens of the world. We need to help them become critical thinkers. This has become even harder with the move to online learning due to COVID 19 pandemic.  This paper aims at exploring the perceptions of English language instructors in four local Lebanese universities regarding 21st-century critical thinking skills and the instructors' abilities to promote such skills in their classes. Twenty-seven teachers filled a questionnaire, and five participants were interviewed. Descriptive data were analyzed. The data revealed the perceptions and practices of these instructors. The study concludes with recommendations.

This is a study of high school students’ attitudes toward the English language in Lebanon. The purpose of this research is to assess the extent of use of English inside and outside the schools taking into consideration the attitude towards the language. Two schools were selected, one upper middle class and one lower middle class. This selection of different social classes aims at finding whether a student’s socio- economical background affects his/ her attitude toward the English language. The sample of respondents returned 52 questionnaires from the two schools. Although this sample was a modest one, it highlighted the differences in attitudes towards the English language, but these attitudes did not relate much to the socioeconomic class as much as personal preferences. However, what was salient in this research is how students from the lower middle class were more inclined to use English to raise their social status and both groups agreed that English is essential to their progress in life.

Lebanon has always been unstable on the political and the national security levels. The youth in Lebanon did not have the privilege of stability to engage in civic activities and become active citizens. The youth need to collaborate with adults to explore different issues and opportunities to develop civic engagement in their own society. This study is an exploratory research which reveals the need for constructive plans in higher education in Lebanon that will lead youth to civic engagement and competence. It also focuses on exploring the existence of university curriculum that fosters the actual implementation of civic engagement and civic competency programmes. Data were collected using a qualitative framework. University students’ civic competency, knowledge, skills, participation in civic engagement, attitudes and efficacy are assessed by using focus group discussions with students and instructors. The research outcomes provide a foundation for the sustainable interventions through the development of a university curriculum.   Keywords: Civic engagement, civic competency, Lebanon.

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