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This paper reports on a pilot project for long-term structural health monitoring of historical city gates. This structural typology is what today remains of the defensive structures that characterised the medieval centres of many European cities. Even though in the last years the scientific community has paid great attention to the structural analysis and on the structural health monitoring of masonry towers, which are apparently similar to the typology of city gates, only a few studies explicitly approach such heritage buildings. In most cases, the surviving gates are immersed in the daily vehicular-traffic flows and hence continuously subjected to traffic-induced vibration. Consequently, a key point both for their conservation is the assessment of the optimal sensors position to be used for reliable structural health monitoring procedures. These issues are here discussed with reference to a specific case: the San Niccolò gate in Florence (Italy). First, an expeditious experimental campaign performed with a reduced number of accelerometers is reported. This test is aimed to identify a numerical model that is subsequently employed to design the optimal sensor position of long-term structural monitoring. This optimal sensor grid must be assessed to ensure a low-cost and sustainable dynamic monitoring system but, at the same time, to maximize the information contents.

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