L'abri de La Fru propose une séquence chrono-industrielle qui couvre environ quatre millénaires d'occupation humaine depuis le Magdalénien anté-Alleröd jusqu'au Mésolithique moyen de la fin du Boréal en passant par des niveaux ancien du début de l'Alleröd et récent du Dryas III. Le Magdalénien à lamelles à dos et burins dièdres d'axe se positionne dans un environnement pollinique anté-Alleröd avec une faune composée de Renne et de Bouquetin. La séquence azilienne correspond à deux niveaux où les pointes à dos, les grattoirs et les lames retouchées dominent. L'Azilien ancien daté au radiocarbone du début de l'Alleröd livre une industrie sur support de lames et d'éclats laminaires alors que l'Azilien récent, daté au radiocarbone de la fin de l'Alleröd-début du Dryas III, est constitué d'outils façonnés essentiellement sur éclats. Les différences morphologiques et morphotechniques entre ces deux Aziliens sont nettes et statistiquement significatives. Leur faune correspond palynologiquement à celle d'un couvert forestier plus ou moins dense où dominent le Cerf, le Chevreuil et le Bouquetin. La séquence du Mésolithique, très homogène sédimentologiquement et palynologiquement, intéresse les périodes climatiques de la fin du Dryas III, du Préboréal et du Boréal. Les niveaux sont continus et les industries présentent des caractères évolutifs très nets. La faune est également celle d'un couvert forestier assez ouvert composée du Cerf, du Chevreuil, du Bœuf et du Sanglier. La Fru apporte sa contribution à l'étude des occupations humaines à la charnière climatique du Tardiglaciaire et de l'Holocène des Alpes du Nord et ceci grâce à l'abondance du matériel archéologique qui autorise des bilans chrono-industriels significatifs et grâce à une bonne connaissance de l'environnement pour chaque période culturelle.
In this paper we report two unique cases of dental development anomalies observed on prehistoric faunal material from France. The first is a severely malformed first incisor from a red deer, dated to the 13th-12th millennium BC, which is interpreted as a composite odontoma, a rare pseudo-tumor of odontogenic origin. The second is a Mesolithic (9th-8th millennium BC) wild boar skull presenting an anomalous tooth row including a duplication of the upper left second premolar. Both pathologies are discussed in terms of diagnosis and etiology, and comparable archeological cases are sought. We conclude by stressing that the occurrence of these two developmental anomalies appears to have a strong spontaneous component, and that caution should be exercised when considering such defects in terms of populational significance.
The lithic industry of Layer 3 of the La Fru rock shelter contains, among the 778 recovered tools, three principal typological inventories composed by backed points, scrapers and retouched blades, whose morphological caracteristics, against a stable technological background, allow them to be assigned unproblemati- cally to the Azilian culture. These tools, which make up approximately three quarters of the total, were mainly produced on laminar supports. Analysis of excavation data leads to the hypothesis that the shelter was probably occupied by Azilian groups episodically but intensely as a hunting camp, and that the site was organised for skinning and ring game, comprising red deer, roe deer and ibex hunted in medium altitude mountainous territory. Several very reliable radiocarbon dates, which are in agreement with other palaeoenvironmental data, show that the Azilian occupations covered a brief period of time, between 1 1 700 and 11900 BP, at the beginning of Allerod biozone.
The Early Azilian level of La Fru shelter in Saint-Christophe (Savoie) (G. Pion' s excavations), radiocarbon dated from the beginning of Alleröd (11,810 bp), supplied a bone tablet which is perforated by a serie of holes obtained with a technical perforation called «alternate drilling type». These perforations have been obtained by a hafted drill or by an arc drill. Until now, this drilling technology was unknown before the Alleröd, so it seems to be an azilian invention. The use of this bone tablet, broken lengthwise, is difficult to interpret. We think of a decorated pendant or a comb with broken teeth.
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