India is one of the developing countries in the world having 1.3 billion populations, of which 70% and 30% population lives in rural and urban area respectively. Currently, India in a state of epidemiological health transition i.e. India is facing dual health problem of communicable diseases as well as non communicable diseases which remain a threat to health and economic security. This health transition is due to change in demography of population, global warming (globalisation and urbanisation), changes social and economic determinants of health. In India, many people are dying because of lack of access and poor quality of medical treatment. In this developing country, day by day the expenses on healthcare are increasing especially in people living in rural areas and in smaller urban towns and the annual health-related expenditures ranged from a few hundred rupees to a maximum of 10 lakh rupees. Also, in these areas the individual are travelling long distances to access and avail the comprehensive health care services. 1

e w a r i According to Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicines various parts of Cassia fistula L i n n . (Legtiminosae) are highly useful in curing various diseases ( K i r t i k a r and B a s u, 1933). The leaves, stem bark, flowers and seeds of the Downloaded by: University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Copyrighted material.

Background: The dengue infection has become a major global public health problem and 40% of the world's population living in an area at risk for dengue and causing nearly 400 million infections every year. There is no specific treatment for dengue, but if there is proper case management then case fatality rates can be below 1%. Aim and Objectives: To study the knowledge and practice about dengue fever in a rural community of Haryana. Methodology: The study recruited 400 adults (15-60 years) and all subjects were selected randomly from survey registers of eight anganwadi centres and data was collected by visiting house to house. Results: The association between demographic variables and knowledge about dengue fever and found out that only caste wise and socio-economic wise were found to be statistically significant rest associations were found to be statistically non-significant. Conclusion and Recommendations: There is a need of hour to make rural people aware of symptoms of DF and different preventive methods through mass media like television, newspapers, internet, social media etc or audio visual aids or through primary care physician

Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) is a rare hemorrhagic disease in India and isolated in monkeys in the Kyasanur Forest of the Shimoga district, Karnataka State in India in 1957. KFD is a zoonotic disease and endemic in southern part of India. KFD Virus commonly infects the black faced langur monkey (Semnopithecus entellus). No evidence for human-to-human transmission. Large domestic animals (cows, goats, sheep) that become infected are thought be important only for sustaining tick population. When monkeys come in contact with the infected ticks, they get infected, amplify and disseminate the infection creating hot spots of infection. The people who pass through the forest are bitten by the infected nymphs of H. spinigera, which are highly anthropophilic. Local villagers staying in and around the forest area frequently visit the forest for collection of fire woods, grass  and get infected through tick bites. The incubation period is 3-8 days and patients presented with following symptoms like chills, frontal headache, bodyache, and high fever for 5-12 days. There were 466 human cases during initial outbreak and 181 more the following year and has caused epidemic outbreaks of haemorrhagic fever affecting 400 to 1000 people per year since then, with mortality rate of 4 and 15%.  In 2012, 9 persons were found positive for KFD, in Theerthahlli taluk of district Karnataka. There is no specific treatment for KFD but a timely supportive therapy reduces the mortality in human being.

No abstract