The traditional culture of many companies puts design in an advanced phase of the innovation process, acting vertically and in parallel with the other business functions. In Italy this is the standard process for many companies where management consists of engineers or professional figures with a "technology-based" educational background. However in recent decades, leading enterprises in many sectors have begun to develop design at an early phase, adopting a well-established "strategic design" process which requires building a platform of integrated competencies throughout the process of product innovation. In this paper we will examine cases in which design is intended as a mediating and infra-structuring mean, used to involve and structure the innovation process to a degree that does not directly influence the product/service, but is entirely dedicated to the way (process, environment, instruments etc.) by which the desired result is achieved.Key words: infra-structural design, design mediation, strategic design. ResumoA cultura tradicional de muitas companhias coloca o design em uma fase avançada no processo de inovação atuando verticalmente e paralelamente com outras funções de negócios. Na Itália este é um processo padrão para muitas companhias onde o gerenciamento consiste em engenheiros ou figuras profissionais com um background educacional de "tecnologia base" . Entretanto, nas últimas décadas, empreendimentos líde-res em muitos setores têm começado a desenvolver design em uma fase inicial, adotando o bem estabelecido "design estratégico" , processo que requer a construção de uma plataforma de competências integradas além do processo de inovação do produto. Neste artigo, vamos examinar casos nos quais o design é concebido como mediação e infraestrutura, usado para desenvolver e estruturar o processo de inovação para um grau que não influencia diretamente o produto/serviço, mas é inteiramente dedicado a forma (processo, ambiente, instrumentos, etc) no qual o resultado desejado é alcançado.Palavras-chave: design infraestrutural, design mediador, design estratégico.
This paper discusses the topic of collaborative innovation as a social process that involves the exchange of knowledge focused on the existence of dense social fabric relationships between potential problem solvers (e.g. designers, suppliers, research institutions) to generate innovation. Innovation networks are developed either through market (traded interdependencies) or not-for-market (untraded interdependencies) relationships, the latter facilitated by spatial proximity. Territories and cities with their local communities are therefore also crucial in collaborative innovation processes. The territories are now recognized as a repository of local knowledge based on the experiences of those who live in that specific context, but shared with producers, workers and end-users. Today a "cognitive role" is attributed to the territory: first, it provides knowledge instrumental to the production system and also promotes, under certain conditions, a converging of talented people, values and social behaviors that determine the very meaning of life and production in the territory. The challenge for companies lies in the ability to combine exogenous factors (architectures of collaborative innovation) with endogenous factors, the latter related to territorial contexts that stimulate, enhance and channel individual expressions of creativity. The cases of some Italian industrial districts specialized in design-oriented products exemplify interesting governance architectures, significantly different from the standard open-innovation of Anglo-Saxon contexts.Key words: territory, industrial district, open innovation, design-driven innovation, creativity. ResumoEste artigo discute o tema da inovação colaborativa como um processo social que envolve o intercâmbio de conhecimentos centrado na existência de um denso tecido de relações sociais entre os solucionadores de problemas em potencial (por exemplo, designers, fornecedores, instituições de pesquisa) para gerar inovação. Redes de inovação são desenvolvidas através de relações deo mercado (interdependências negociadas) ou de não mercado (interdependências não-negociadas), este facilitado pela proximidade espacial. Territórios e cidades com suas comunidades locais são, portanto, também cruciais nos processos de inovação colaborativa. Os territórios são agora reconhecidos como um repositório de conhecimento local com base nas experiências das pessoas que vivem nesse contexto específi co, mas compartilhadas com os produtores, trabalhadores e usuários finais. Hoje é atribuído um papel cognitivo ao território: primeiro, fornece o conhecimento instrumental para o sistema de produção e promove também, em certas condições, uma convergência de talentos, valores e comportamentos sociais que determinam o próprio sentido da vida e da produção no território. O desafi o para as empresas reside na capacidade de combinar fatores exó-genos (arquiteturas de inovação colaborativa) com fatores endógenos, estes referentes a contextos territoriais que estimulam, aprimoram e canalizam as expr...
"In an ever-changing world, it is essential to integrate different disciplines to create user-centred products and services. Design alone cannot fully understand the needs and require- ments of the end users, nor the emotions and mental states they feel when they experience the product. There is a need for a multidisciplinary work that brings together the skills of designers with the most sophisticated neurotechnologies on the market. Neuroergonomics is an applied discipline that arises from the joint efforts of neuroscience and ergonomi- cs. It uses existing knowledge about human behaviour and brain functioning to identify human-friendly technologies and interfaces and to support the design of safer and more efficient work environments that can increase worker well- being, while maximizing productivity. Thus, it can establish a reference framework for decision-making in the architectural and industrial design sector, focusing on central factors that affect people’s reactions and behaviors."
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