The sensitivity of CXR is too low to consider it a stand-alone technique for the evaluation of immunocompromised patients after HSCT with suspected pneumonia, even if the radiologist knows detailed clinical data. For these patients, an early chest CT evaluation is therefore recommended.

Pylephlebitis is a septic thrombophlebitis of the portal venous system that infrequently complicates small bowel infarction. We present a case of pylephlebitis with portomesenteric vein gas bubbles secondary to small bowel ischemia caused by a strangulated umbilical hernia, diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) and confirmed in the operating theater. This case is an example of the usefulness of CT in early recognition of suggestive radiologic findings of pylephlebitis associated with intestinal ischemia for prompt treatment of the patient