The idea of compact cities is attracting enthusiasts, and some have proposed sustainable options for its implementation. This concept is based on planning for higher density cities with efficient connectivity in their structures. Because climatic characteristics are one of the basic factors to consider when planning a town, the models imported from different climates of Brazil must be intensely scrutinized and analyzed for their adequacy and effectiveness. Previous studies have revealed the inadequacy of the compact city model for tropical countries. In this study, the Copacabana neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, a city that is currently compact, was assessed using computational tools (ENVI-met) to observe the intraurban temperature dynamics and sky view factor (SVF) alterations at three time-points’ unit occupation history: 1930, 1950, and 2018. To determine the effects of morphological changes on thermal sensation, two outdoor comfort indexes were calculated: the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and the universal thermal climate (UTCI). From the obtained results, the relationship between urban morphology, air temperature, and thermal comfort indicates that the debate about urban models will be heightened, particularly with regard to the concept of compact cities in the formation of new cities and neighborhoods in the tropics.
During the last decades climate change is being felt in many parts of the world. In many cities, the temperature rise is intensified by urban projects which morphologies difficult ventilation, increase absorption areas and areas of reflection of sunlight. Consequently, the local microclimate is altered and the temperature rise is felt more intensely by the population. Urban form and typology of buildings can affect local microclimate creating or avoiding, for example, the greenhouse effect. This article aims to study the changes of morphology and typology of Copacabana since 1930 that might have led to these changes. Results from previous studies were used. These studies were done using virtual simulations of ventilation and temperature, as well as physical simulations with models of parts of Copacabana in a tunnel of wind, verifying changes in ventilation and local temperature in the past 80 years. In this study were used data from simulations confronted with the morphologies of the neighborhood in the 1930s, 1950 and 2010, in order to check the influence of the typological and morphological changes in the results obtained. For this study were considered analytic categories described in the literature for the analysis of sustainable urban projects. The study confirmed the initial hypotheses in which the morphological changes in an urban project can have direct consequences on the environment, as was the case of Copacabana area in which there was a considerable rise in temperature and a change in the pattern of ventilation.
RESUMODiante da amplitude exacerbada das cidades, verifica-se que estas se transformaram em estruturas complexas e difíceis de administrar. Ressalta-se que as cidades deveriam existir em primeiro lugar, e acima de tudo, para satisfazer as necessidades humanas e sociais das comunidades. Apresenta-se o conceito de cidades compactas, benefícios e problemas. Neste sentido, a compactação de um lado contribui para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas, por outro, em termos energéticos, também pode influenciar negativamente nesta. Este artigo tem como objetivo propor uma solução energeticamente sustentável para a não redução da eficiência energética em modelos de cidades compactas, com foco em energia solar fotovoltaica. Através de estudos bibliográficos, verificouse que a energia solar, através de painéis fotovoltaicos é uma alternativa promissora para a redução de ilhas de calor e manutenção do conforto térmico em cidades compactas. Esta é um fator positivo para a manutenção da eficiência energética do local, respeitando-se a capacidade de suporte deste. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Compactação de cidade. Capacidade de suporte. Eficiência energética. ABSTRACTFaced with the exacerbated amplitude of the cities, these have turned into complex structures and difficult to administer. It should be stressed that cities should exist first and above all to meet the human and social needs of communities.This paper presents the concept of compact cities, benefits and problems. In this sense, the compaction of one side contributes to the improvement of the quality of life of people, on the other, in energy terms, can also negatively influence this. This article aims to propose an energetically sustainable solution for the non-reduction of energy efficiency in compact city models, focusing on photovoltaic solar energy. Through bibliographic studies, it has been verified that solar energy, through photovoltaic panels is a promising alternative for the reduction of heat islands and maintenance of thermal comfort in compact cities. This is a positive factor for the maintenance of the energy efficiency of the site, respecting its capacity of support.KEYWORDS: City compaction. Supportability. Energy efficiency. RESUMENAnte la amplitud exacerbada de las ciudades, se verifica que estas se transformaron en estructuras complejas y difíciles de administrar. Se resalta que las ciudades deberían existir en primer lugar, y sobre todo, para satisfacer las necesidades humanas y sociales de las comunidades. Se presenta el concepto de ciudades compactas, beneficios y problemas. En este sentido, la compactación de un lado contribuye a la mejora de la calidad de vida de las personas, por otro, en términos energéticos, también puede influir negativamente en ésta. Este artículo tiene como objetivo proponer una solución energéticamente sostenible para la no reducción de la eficiencia energética en modelos de ciudades compactas, con foco en energía solar fotovoltaica. A través de estudios bibliográficos, se verificó que la energía solar, a través de paneles fo...
Na contemporaneidade as práticas de governança urbana, principalmente na América Latina, demonstram ações de neoliberalização. São organizadas por meio de acordos espaciais e institucionais em favor do mercado. A dinâmica imobiliária e os impactos das grandes intervenções neoliberais são notórios na lógica de (re)produção do espaço urbano. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as relações entre os Grandes Projetos Urbanos (GPUs), as novas coalizões e os arranjos institucionais para realização do megaevento esportivo Pan 2019, em Lima e Callao, no Peru. São destacadas determinadas orientações que compõem a pauta exercida pelo Estado para a governança urbana, principalmente no que se refere à formação de Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPPs) e o aumento da desregulamentação e da flexibilização do Estado. Por meio do aporte de bibliografias internacionais e locais, busca-se demonstrar a lógica neoliberal e urbana que embasa o processo. Como resultado, observa-se que esse modelo resulta em uma urbanização voltada para as necessidades mercadológicas locais.
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