The genus Fusarium sp. is a pathogenic fungal for many cultivated plants. The bacteria isolated from monkey cup (Nepenthes sp.) fluid possess the ability to produce hydrolytic enzyme, such as chitinase which can be utilized to inhibit the growth of mycelia of pathogenic fungi. The aims of this study are to isolate bacteria from monkey cup liquid, to test their abilities to produce protease, chitinase, and cellulase, as well as their abilities to inhibit Fusarium. The bacteria were isolated using serial dilution method on Reasoner’s 2A agar medium. Enzymatic activities of bacterial isolates were determined by inoculating them on tested medium supplemented with casein protein, chitin, and cellulose, whereas their antifungal activities were assayed using a direct confrontation method between tested bacterial isolates and pathogenic fungal on Malt Extract Agar medium. Molecular identification of bacteria with antifungal activity was performed by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Isolation process of bacteria from monkey cup fluid resulted in 99 bacterial isolates with the ability to produce either protease, chitinase, and/or cellulose enzymes. A total of 37 bacterial isolates were capable of producing at least two hydrolytic enzymes. Antifungal assay of those bacteria showed that as many as 25 isolates have the ability to inhibit the growth of Fusarium sp. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that those isolates were closely related to three Burkholderia species, namely B. arboris, B. contaminans, and B. rijonensis. Keywords: antifungal, Burkholderia, chitinase, cellulaseN, epenthes, protease

Bacillus are commonly found in nature, especially in soil and food. It has the ability to produce bioactive compounds as well as the enzyme. This study was aimed to isolate, identify, and screen their enzyme activities. Four soil samples from Mandalika, Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), were used for isolation. Bacillus was isolated using the heat-shock method and characterized through Gram staining, endospore staining, and morphological phenotype. Bacillus identification was conducted based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. The hydrolytic enzyme activities were checked qualitatively using selective media, and the enzyme tested including amylase, galactosidase, lipase, protease, and cellulase. As many as twenty-two bacteria isolates were obtained from four soil samples and represented 15 distinct species. The member of bacteria genera successfully identified, consisted of Bacillus sp., Brevibacillus sp., and Fictibacillus sp. Bacillus sp. was the most isolated. Some of the isolated bacteria have the ability to produce lipase, protease, and cellulase that potential to be used in biotechnology processes.   Keywords: Bacillus, hydrolytic enzymes, identification, screening

Clinical waste is likely to include disease-causing microorganisms, chemical wastes, and other treatments used to treat different conditions, whether solid or liquid. As a result, clinical wastes have a more significant potential for pathogenicity and toxicity than most other types of waste in all of their forms. This study aims to design a strategic decision model for managing medical waste from hospitals. The method used in this research is the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The data was collected using a questionnaire distributed to three people from various fields: hospital waste management experts, academics, and the environmental service. The results show that the preference for the best hospital waste management strategy is SOP improvement with a weight of 0.6576. Furthermore, the alternative of investing in environmentally friendly technology, 3R campaigns, and outreach to employees and visitors received a weight of about 0.4885, 0.2973, and 0.3393, respectively. This study can be a reference for research related to decision-making strategies and the field of hospital waste management.