Despite agricultural support in Turkey, agricultural production areas, production quantities, and the number of farmers have gradually decreased. In this research, we aimed to determine farmers’ attitudes toward public agricultural support policy for sustainability in GAP, Şanlıurfa, Turkey, and the factors affecting their attitudes. This research is the first of its type for GAP, Şanlıurfa, Turkey. The data were obtained in 2017 from face-to-face interviews with farmers who were selected using the simple random sampling method. Categorical regression, based on the optimal scaling model, was used in the analysis. The results indicate that although 80% of the farmers believe that support has improved agricultural sustainability, 76.2% find public support policy inadequate. The average land area of those who were in favor of the policy was 18.3 hectares, whereas that of those who stated that support does not provide a significant contribution was 7.17 hectares. The age of the farmer, total cultivated area, settlement area, education level, property type, crop pattern, irrigated agriculture, and income were factors affecting farmers’ attitudes. The support policy should be reviewed for small-scale farmers and farmers who engage in dry farming. The results could be helpful to support policy and decision-makers during sustainable agriculture policy planning.

Öz Abstract In this paper, urban, rural and migration concepts have been primarily analysed; related concepts in the literature and provisions of these concepts have been examined. Migration movements in Turkey, especially rural-urban migration has been examined by rural and urban population change in years. It is also analysed that the reasons of rural-to-urban migration, involvement of family members in the migration decision and the changes in urban and rural as a result of the migration. Urbanization problems which arise from rural-to

Nüfusun %90'ına yakınının kırsalda yaşadığı Osmanlı döneminde; kırsal nüfusun eğitimine yönelik özel uygulamalara II. Meşrutiyet'e kadar rastlanılmamıştır. Bu dönemin eğitim sistemi dine dayalı Sıbyan ve Medrese eğitimi ile biraz daha laik olan Enderun Mektebi'nde verilen eğitimden oluşmaktadır. Kırsal kesim Sıbyan ve Medrese eğitiminden yararlanmakla beraber Enderun Mekteplerinden sadece gayri Müslimler ve devşirmeler faydalanabilmektedir. Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan 1950'li çok partili döneme kadar, nüfusun %75'ine yakınının kırsalda yaşadığı dikkate alınarak, kırsal nüfusa yönelik; Köy Enstitüleri, Köy Öğretmen Okulları, Eğitim Kursları ve Halk Odaları gibi özel eğitim politikaları uygulamaya konulmuştur. Ancak, toplumsal yapının sosyokültürel özelliklerinde çok ciddi bir değişim sağlanamadığından, 1950 sonrası bu uygulamalara teker teker son verilmiştir. Bu dönemden sonra Türkiye'de kırsal nüfusa yönelik özel eğitim politikaları olmamakla beraber; merkezi köy okulları, Yatılı Đlköğretim Bölge Okulu (YĐBO) ve bazı sivil toplum kuruluşlarının kampanyalarıyla kırsal nüfusun eğitim sorunları çözülmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma üç dönemde ele alınıp; birinci dönem Osmanlı Đmparatorluğu'nu, ikinci dönem Cumhuriyet'in başlangıcından 1950'ye kadar olan dönemi, üçüncü dönem ise 1950'den günümüze kadar olan dönemi içermektedir.

Recently, agricultural production areas and farmer numbers have been decreasing in Turkey, which has started to cause concern. This study aimed to analyze the satisfaction levels of farmers in different irrigation areas in the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP)-Şanlıurfa region, based on indicators related to agricultural production and influencing factors. The data were obtained through face-to-face surveys with farmers in 2020 and analyzed by logistic regression in STATA. According to the results, 43.3% of the farmers are happy to be farmers in the current situation, and 35.6% want their children to continue farming activities. It was determined that the area of irrigation, education level, income, and farming experience were statistically significant at different rates in terms of the happiness of the farmers. On the other hand, livestock, number of households, and land size were not statistically significant. While 27.5% of the participants were fully satisfied with the given public support, 15.7% were satisfied with the market selling prices of their products, and 43.5% stated that effective organizations are needed to live well. To ensure agricultural sustainability in the research area, there is a need for more agricultural support, effective extension services, and the development of rural tourism with the participation of the public and private sectors. This study was the first of its kind to be conducted in Turkey.

Recently, the demand for sufficient and safe food has been increasing, and alternative food sources have gained importance. Oat, which is in the cereals group, is used in animal breeding besides being a human food. Turkey, while in the twentieth in the world in terms of production, is ranked thirty-second in terms of efficiency. The purpose of this study, the production quantity of oat market in recent years in Turkey, cultivation area, yield, average selling price, exports, imports, and foreign trade balance to evaluate. In the research, the statistical data of the Turkey Statistical Institute and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, the relevant sector reports, and other studies were used. Trend analysis was conducted in the research, and projections were carried out until 2025, using data from 2000 and 2019. According to the obtained results, in the next period, oat cultivation areas in Turkey, production volume, yield, and prices will tend to rise at different rates. The regression coefficients of these increases were determined as 52.67%, 11.72%, 75.8%, and 98.25%, respectively. On the other hand, it is expected that exports will increase, imports will decrease and foreign trade balance will turn positive, and their regression coefficients are determined as 20.23%, 49.79%, and 50.4%, respectively. It has been determined that the production amount and yield are based on climatic conditions and low productivity is a problem. The problem of low yield can be solved by measures such as developments in agricultural technologies, certified seed, variety improvement, and inclusion in the crop pattern in irrigated farming. In addition, increasing the amount of public agricultural support, and extension activities can increase cultivation, production and productivity. This research also provides useful results in terms of covering up-to-date data on oats.