Diarrhea is still a problem for public health in developing countries like Indonesia, with house flies (Musca domestica) as vectors. One way to control flies that are safe and natural is to use plant repellents including basil leaves. This study aimed to analyze the potential of basil leaf extract as a repellent, using a post test only with control group design, with 25 house flies (Musca domestica) as objects with 6 replications. Basil leaf extract was mixed into wax with a concentration of 0% (control), 17.5%, 20%, and 22.5% which was exposed to house flies within 1 hour. The results showed that basil leaf extract can be used as a repellent for house flies. Based on the percentage of aromatic waxing power, it was known that the higher the concentration of basil leaf extract, the higher the repelling power produced. Keywords: basil leaves, repellent, house flies ABSTRAK Diare masih menjadi masalah bagi kesehatan masyarakat di negara berkembang seperti di Indonesia, dengan lalat rumah (Musca domestica) sebagai vektor. Salah satu cara pengendalian lalat yang aman dan alami adalah menggunakan repellent tumbuhan antara lain daun kemangi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi ekstrak daun kemangi sebagai repellent, menggunakan rancangan post test only with control group, dengan lalat rumah (Musca domestica) sejumlah 25 ekor sebagai obyek dengan 6 kali replikasi. Ekstrak daun kemangi dicampurkan ke dalam lilin dengan konsentrasi 0% (kontrol), 17.5%, 20%, dan 22.5% yang dipaparkan pada lalat rumah dalam waktu 1 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun kemangi dapat digunakan sebagai repellent untuk lalat rumah. Berdasarkan persentase daya tolak lilin aromatik, diketahui bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak daun kemangi, maka akan semakin tinggi daya tolak yang dihasilkan. Kata kunci: daun kemangi, repellent, lalat rumah

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a health problem in East Java. Opportunistic infections are one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS in Indonesia. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the characteristics and opportunistic infections of AIDS patients in East Java Province, 2018. Methods: This study was conducted as observational descriptive research, and a survey was used as the research design. The research location was in East Java Provincial Health Office, and the study was carried out in August 2019. We used secondary data taken from the results of surveillance of AIDS patients in 2018. The sampling method of the study was total sampling, with 1,138 AIDS patients. The variables studied included the patients’ characteristics (sex, age, type of work, and risk factors) as well as the number and types of opportunistic infections. Results: The majority of the AIDS patients in East Java in this sample were male (70.74%), belonged to the adults (26–45 years old) group (62.65%), and worked as employees/laborers (46.08%). In terms of sexual orientation, the majority were heterosexuals (81.81%) or homosexuals (10.63%). The majority of patients experienced one type of opportunistic infection (46.08%), with histoplasmosis (48.77%) and tuberculosis (TB) (42.62%) as the most frequently experienced opportunistic infections. Conclusion: Characteristics that are risk factors for contracting AIDS in East Java include being male, being of adult age, working as an employee/laborer, and being heterosexual. There are also risks of opportunistic infections, particularly histoplasmosis and TB.

Highlights: Low levels o physical activity are the major risk factor of central obesity among Indonesian men. There was a relationship between smoking status,  smoker type, cigarette type, physical activity, and meat consumption frequency and the incidence of central obesity.   Abstract: Obesity is one of the leading health problems in both developed and developing countries. Central obesity can be defined as a condition where excess fat has accumulated in the abdominal area. There are several risk factors that may cause central obesity in men such as smoking habits, physical activity, and dietary habits. This study aimed to analyse the risk factors of central obesity in Indonesian men. This was an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional design. It used secondary data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS 5) with a sample size of 4,648 respondents. The variables studied here were smoking status, type of smoker, type of cigarette, physical activity, and meat consumption frequency. Logistic regression analysis was used. The results of this study showed that the mean age of the respondents was 51 years old. There was a relationship between smoking status (p=0.000), type of smoker (p=0.002), type of cigarette (p=0.000), physical activity (p=0.000), and meat consumption frequency (p=0.024) and the incidence of central obesity. The conclusion of the study was that there was a relationship between smoking status, type of smoker, type of cigarette, physical activity, meat consumption frequency, and the incidence of central obesity, all of which were risk factors of central obesity in Indonesian men. A low level of physical activity was the most prominent risk factor associated with central obesity among Indonesian men. From this study, we suggested controlling the risk factors of central obesity by providing education on the dangers of smoking and the importance of physical activity and a balanced nutritional diet.