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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive loss of cognitive functions like thinking, memory, reasoning, behavioral abilities, and social skills thus affecting the ability of a person to perform normal daily functions independently. There is no definitive cure for this disease, and treatment options available for the management of the disease are not very effective as well. Based on histopathology, AD is characterized by the accumulation of insoluble deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Although several molecular events contribute to the formation of these insoluble deposits, the aberrant post-translational modifications (PTMs) of AD-related proteins (like APP, Aβ, tau, and BACE1) are also known to be involved in the onset and progression of this disease. However, early diagnosis of the disease as well as the development of effective therapeutic approaches is impeded by lack of proper clinical biomarkers. In this review, we summarized the current status and clinical relevance of biomarkers from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood and extracellular vesicles involved in onset and progression of AD. Moreover, we highlight the effects of several PTMs on the AD-related proteins, and provide an insight how these modifications impact the structure and function of proteins leading to AD pathology. Finally, for disease-modifying therapeutics, novel approaches, and targets are discussed for the successful treatment and management of AD.

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Objective: Induction of colorectal cancer in Wister rats using titanium dioxide and dimethylhydrazine and treatment using the physical conjugate of 5-Fluorouracil and Curcumin, with a synergistic approach.Methods: Compatibility studies are evaluated by using FT-IR,Vero cell lines, and HCT-116 cell lines are used for evaluating the synergistic approach. This followed by induction using titanium dioxide and dimethylhydrazine in Wister rats and treatment using 5-Fluorouracil and Curcumin with pectin coating. Result: The samples were found to be compatible. The synergistic effect was obtained at 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 2:1 ratio, where 1:4 ratio shows a CI50 value of 0.896, selected further for the animal studies when studied in HCT 116 cell lines and found to be safe with Vero cell lines. Colorectal cancer was shown to be induced within 70 days of administration of titanium dioxide and dimethylhydrazine.1:4 ratio of 5-Fluorouracil and Curcumin (50:200) shows effective for the treatment of colorectal cancer within 28 days, proven using histopathology report, bodyweight analysis, and hematological reports.Conclusion: 5-Fluorouracil and curcumin (1:4) ratio works with a synergistic approach and was proven effective for the treatment of colorectal cancer induced bythe titanium dioxide and dimethylhydrazine.