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Background and Aim: The use of antibiotics is prohibited in poultry feeding in many countries worldwide, which has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, probiotic supplements are a good alternative in these circumstances. Probiotics, including Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus acidophilus, can reduce the development of resistance and stimulate the growth of broiler ducklings. This study aimed to evaluate properties of the probiotic supplement containing these bacteria. Materials and Methods: We studied the response of broiler ducklings to the addition of a dietary probiotic supplement containing lactobacilli and bifidobacteria until they reached 7 weeks of age. All birds participating in the experiment received probiotic supplements on days 1-7, 15-21, 29-35. The state of the ducklings was assessed on day 21. At the age of 21 and 42 days, 4-5 ml of blood was drawn from the wing vein of 10 randomly selected birds (5 in each group). Blood samples were analyzed for total protein, concentration of glucose, hemoglobin, calcium and inorganic phosphorus, as well as the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes. Enzymatic calorimetric method, molybdate method, and haemocytometry according to Nutt method and haemoglobin cyanide method were used to analyze blood samples. Results: The live weight of the experimental ducklings increased by 5.0%, showing a positive effect of probiotic supplementation, whereas their feed consumption per kilogram of weight gain decreased. Their hemoglobin content and red blood cell count increased. Although the number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria increased, the number of Escherichia coli cells decreased 2.15-fold (p<0.05). The addition of the probiotic supplement contributed to improving the digestibility of protein and fat by 1.6%, fiber by 3.4%, and nitrogen-free extractive substances by 4.7%. The broiler ducklings had high meat quality indicators, including dressing percentage, which increased by 5.4%, whereas the fat content decreased by 1.3%. Conclusion: The introduction of the probiotic supplement in the diet of broiler ducklings improved their growth indicators and increased the number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria while decreasing the number of E. coli cells in the intestine. It not only improved the meat quality but also increased the profit from $0.392 per bird in the control group to $0.472 per bird in the experimental group. Therefore, this probiotic supplement is a good alternative for raising ducklings in large enterprises and farms. The study limitations may be that the results are only applicable to broiler ducklings. The use of lactobacilli may yield different results in other bird breeds or broiler ducklings in different age groups.

Aim: This paper presents the results of the studies on "Stimix Zoostim" and "Normosil" probiotics and their influence on fecal microflora, hematologic indicators, immunoresistance, nutrient digestibility, and growth intensity of mother-bonded calves. Materials and Methods: The calves of the control group were fed with their basic diet (BD) without "Stimix Zoostim" or "Normosil", whereas the calves of the experimental group were fed with their BD supplemented with "Stimix Zoostim" and "Normosil". For 10-20-day-old calves, the daily dose was 10 mL per head, whereas 21-90-day-old calves received 15 mL of probiotics per head per day. The calves of the experimental group were administered probiotics every day. Calves aged 10 to 60 days received probiotics with milk, and then at the age of 61 to 90 days, received probiotics with water. (This is a sequential process. At 60 days old, calf rearing with milk stops, and after that, we use probiotics added to water to rear them). Both groups were administered probiotics twice a day, specifically 50% of the daily dose at each feeding time. Results: The results in this study proved that "Stimix Zoostim" and "Normosil" probiotics exhibit high probiotic activity and have a positive effect on the calves' fecal microflora. Feeding the calves with probiotics resulted in a significant increase in the number of normal flora, such as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, and a decrease in the amount of Escherichia. It also resulted in an increase in red blood cells, hemoglobin, and ?-globulins within the physiological range. In our study, we found that the phagocytic reaction in the blood serum of the experimental group was slightly enhanced, suggesting a high response of the body to infectious agents. Conclusion: Thus, the group of calves receiving probiotic "Stimix Zoostim" exhibited an exceedance of phagocytic activity by 4.8% and the group receiving "Normosil" by 4.4%, in comparison with the control group. The daily dose of 10 mL of probiotics per head for 10-20-day-old calves and 15 mL per head for 21-90-day-old calves also had a positive effect on nutrient digestibility, growth, and forage consumption. The economic benefit per animal was 149.23 and 157.0 rubles, respectively.

The article presents the results of the growing broiler goslings of the Kuban breed when the probiotics Vita fort and Lactobifadol are included in the feeding diet. The periodic feeding probiotics for seven days/seven days' break was found to provide, at the age of 62 days, an increase in body weight by 10.1% (p˂0.01) when feeding Vita fort and by 3.7% when feeding Lactobifadol. While using probiotics, protein metabolism increased in the body of broiler goslings, = and also in the digestibility of nutrients increased. Similarly, nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium balance showed better performance in the goslings fed with Vita fort. The use of probiotics enhanced protein metabolism and improved the process of splitting and assimilation of nutrients in the current study.

УДК 636.087.74.8:636.5 Г.Р. Цапалова ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРОБИОТИКОВ НА ОБМЕН ВЕЩЕСТВ И ПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ КАЧЕСТВА ГУСЯТКлючевые слова: пробиотик; гусята; обмен веществ; биохимические показатели крови; продуктивные качества; пищевая ценность мяса.Введение. Птицеводство является одной из наи-более интенсивных и динамичных отраслей агро-промышленного комплекса страны. Это основной поставщик высококачественного диетического про-довольствия для населения. В последнее десятиле-тие мировое производство мяса птицы возросло в развитых государствах на 2 %, а в развивающихся -на 6-8 % в год [3, 4,5].Однако перевод птицеводства на промышленную технологию содержания и кормления, а также некон-тролируемое использование антимикробных препа-ратов усиливают техногенную нагрузку на организм птицы, приводя к снижению уровня биологической защиты и ослаблению физиологических систем, спо-собствуя нарушению процессов пищеварения и об-мена веществ, особенно у молодняка [4, 6,9,7].Пробиотические препараты различного спектра действия успешно используются в птицеводстве, но чаще всего оценку их воздействия на организм пти-цы проводят по массе тела, то есть увеличению при-веса и конверсии корма. Для более достоверной оценки необходимо изучение физиологических ас-пектов влияния пробиотических добавок на орга-низм гусят.Цель исследований. Изучение влияния про-биотиков Витафорт и Лактобифадол на обменные процессы, мясную продуктивность и питательную ценность мяса гусят кубанской породы.Материалы и методы исследования. Исследо-вания проводились в условиях научно-производст-венного центра по птицеводству ООО «Башкирская птица» Благоварского района Республики Башкор-тостан. Для опытов были сформированы три группы гусят по 30 голов в каждой. Срок выращивания со-ставил 62 дня.Гусята I контрольной группы получали полно-рационные рассыпные комбикорма с питательно-стью, соответствующей нормам ВНИТИП; II опыт-ная группа получала ОР + Витафорт (количество спор 1·10 9 КОЕ/г) в дозе 0,05 мг на 10 кг живой мас-сы; III опытная группа получала ОР + Лактобифадол в дозе 0,2 г на 1 кг живой массы. Дача пробиотиков осуществлялась в течение 7 дней с последующим недельным перерывом с суточного возраста до кон-ца выращивания.Биохимические показатели крови определяли с использованием реактивов компании «Витал Диа-гностикс» на полуавтоматическом биохимическом анализаторе Stat Fax 3300.Для определения убойных качеств тушек под-опытной птицы проводили анатомическую разделку по методике Ш.А. Имангулова (2000).Исследование химического состава мышечной ткани проводили согласно действующим стандартам в ГБУ Башкирская научно-производственная ветла-боратория. Исследовали образцы мышечной ткани бедра и груди.