This study aims to know the design of asymmetric decentralization in the state administration system of the Republic of Indonesia. The research method used in the research is legal research that uses a conceptual approach. The results show that asymmetric decentralization in Indonesia is a historical continuity that has been started from the colonial period and confirmed to date in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. As a reality of the practice of regional government, the constitutional juridical legitimacy of asymmetric decentralization can be referred to in Article 18A paragraph ( 1), and Article 18B paragraph (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia as the supreme law of the land. Asymmetric decentralization concerns fundamental matters related to the pattern of relations between the center and the regions regarding different authority, institutional, financial and control designs. Keywords: Asymmetric Decentralization, State Administration System, Indonesian Government Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan utnuk menegtahui desain Desentralisasi Asimetris Dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Republik Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah penelitian hukung yang menggunakan pendekatan kosnep (conceptual approac). Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa Desentralisasi asimetris di Indonesia merupakan sebuah keberlanjutan sejarah yang telah dimulai dari masa kolonial dan ditegaskan hingga saat ini dalam UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Sebagai sebuah realitas praktik pemerintahan daerah, legitimasi yuridis konstitusional dari desentralisasi asimetris tersebut dapat dirujuk dalam Pasal 18A ayat (1), dan Pasal 18B ayat (1) Konstitusi Republik Indonesia sebagai hukum tertinggi negara (the supreme law of the land). Desentralisasi asimetris menyangkut urusan yang fundamental terkait pola hubungan pusat dan daerah menyangkut desain kewenangan, kelembagaan, finansial dan kontrol yang berbeda. Kata Kunci: Desentralisasi Asimetris, Sistem Ketatanegaraan, Permerintah Indonesia

Sebagai hukum ideal dan staat norma dasar, Pancasila (Ideologi Negara) memiliki fungsi konstitutif dan pengaturan. Dengan fungsi konstitutif, Pancasila menetapkan garis dasar tatanan hukum, khususnya konstitusi, dan dengan fungsi regulasi, Pancasila menentukan konten dan bentuk berbagai undang-undang dan peraturan yang semuanya diatur secara hierarkis.

By the promulgation of Regional Government Law (no. 23/2014), there has been a shift in the institutional design of the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD in Bahasa Indonesia), especially in the aspects of the legislative function and its authority, and there is an affirmation of the understanding of the DPRD as an element of regional government administration. In this context, the House of Representatives (DPR in Bahasa Indonesia) and the President deliberately combine the two types of power functions, the legislative and the executive, into one institution called the DPRD in the local government system in Indonesia. Shifting of institutional design above indicates that Regional Government Law is principally no longer categorizes the DPRD as a legislative agency, but rather as an executive institution playing a role in supervising the implementation of Regional Government. Based on this Regulation, the theoretical interpretation of DPRD’s existence is interpreted as an executive institution running the legislative function.

Archipelagic regions characterized by vast ocean area and groups of small islands are dominant factor in affirming the identity of the Republic of Indonesia as an archipelagic state. However, it has not been sufficiently accommodated in Indonesian national legislation. The principle of an archipelagic state should be adopted mutatis-mutandis to be formulated in the management of autonomous regions, not only in Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government which is lex generalis in nature, but also in the specificity of the administration of regional governance in archipelagic regions which is lex specialis. The “Principle of Archipelagic State” needs to be implemented into “Principle of Archipelagic Region” for regions with archipelagic characteristics. In this context, an Archipelagic Regional Law is very much needed to reinforce the identity of the Republic of Indonesia as an archipelagic country, and to overcome extraordinary development disparities between eastern Indonesia dominated by islands regions and western Indonesia dominated by large islands.

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