The aims of this study were to investigate lymphocyte proliferation activity and to identify chemical constituents of active fractions of star fish Acanthaster planci. A. planci was collected from Ternate Island, North Moluccas, extracted with distilled methanol and water, partitioned with gradient chloroform-hexane-methanol-water and fractionated in column chromatography using silica gel and hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol. The active compound had been purified by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The lymphocyte proliferation activity was measured based on % Stimulation Index (SI) from sample absorbency and control absorbency. The result showed that the 3 fractions of hexane fraction exhibited lymphocyte proliferation activity. Fraction 1 was able to increase lymphocyte proliferation at 48 hours and 72 hours by 55% (80 µl/ml) and 88% (160 µl/ml) increase, and fraction 2 had 77% (160 µl/ml) and 86% (640 µl/ml) increase. Meanwhile, fraction 3 had 75% (640 µl/ml) and 89% (640 µl/ml) increase. Metabolite analysis of active fraction using GC-MS yielded a number of chemical constituents that was dominated by fatty acid. The study concluded that star fish A. planci from Ternate Island has a potential source of immunostimulator.

Immunostimulant is a substance that can stimulate the immune system against pathogenic microbes. Natural products produced by sea cucumbers have the potential to be developed as immunostimulants. This study was aimed to evaluate the imunostimulatory activity of Holothuria atra extract using the phagocytocyte assay of macrophage cells and the differentiation of leukocyte in rats. The samples of H. atra were taken from Halmahera waters, North Maluku, Indonesia. Extraction was carried out with 96% ethanol. Phagocytocyte activity assay was carried out using macrophage cells isolated from Balb/c mice (Mus musculus) using a series of doses 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0; 8.0; 16.0 and 32.0 mg/kg body weight. Leukocyte differentiation test in vivo was conducted using Rattus norvegicus rat treated with H. atra extract for 90 days with the following series of doses: 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight. The results showed that the highest phagocytosis activity was reached at a concentration of 4.0 µg/ml, but it was insignificantly different from the negative control group (p < 0.05). Leukocyte differentiation assay showed that the administration of H. atra extract increased the immune system response in the animals which was characterized by the increasing number of lymphocyte cells. H. atra extract also decreased the number of monocytes and neutrophils, suggesting the suppression of inflammation in the tested rats. Extract administration for 90 days did not cause a hypersensitivity reaction as indicated by the unchanged number of eosinophil and basophil cells. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that H. atra had a potency to develop as an immunostimulant.

Alginate is a polysaccharide derived from Sargassum sp. and is a potent immunostimulant with antibacterial activity, including against Vibrio spp. This genus of bacteria is found in freshwater and marine environments and is a common infectious, pathogenic bacteria both for aquatic cultivans and humans. Here, we determined the ability of sodium alginate polysaccharides and oligosaccharides (AOS) to act as immunostimulants in Artemia challenge tests and antibacterial diffusion disc assays against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. harveyi. The AOS was produced by thermal heating. Dry sodium alginates were weighed out from 4.21 to 6.47 grams with a yield varying from 21.05 to 32.35%. Alginate polysaccharides were challenged against V harveyi and showed 8 positive results. The highest inhibitor zone was 12.962±3.623 mm. Based on 18 tests, AOS showed 12 positive results, with the highest inhibitor zone being 10.250±0.09 mm. The encapsulated alginate against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, and the non-challenged tests without any Vibrio spp. addition resulted in the best concentrations of 800 ppm (polysaccharide) and 600 ppm (oligosaccharide), respectively. The lower concentration of oligosaccharides alginate were more effective and has the potential to be superior as an antibacterial agent and immunestimulant, as opposed to alginate polysaccharide.

Catfish (Clarias sp.) is one of the fresh water fish commodities widely cultivated and very popular in community for being simple in breeding and fast in growth. The demand of people for catfish has led to the increase of production in meeting the demand. This study aimed to analyze the values of SR, RPS, MT and MTD of catfish using the challenge test with bacterium A. hydrophila and given the fatty acid compounds of A. planci. The results of this study showed that the highest average value of SR was found in the treatment with 0.7 mg/kg BBI (26-76%), the highest average of RPS was found in the treatment with 0,7 mg/kg BBI (65%), the lowest average values of MR was found in the treatment with 0,7 mg/kg BBI (23,33%), and the average values of MTD were in the range of 94,24 to 142,67%. Meanwhile, the water quality parameter in the range of the optimum value of DO on day 1 was in the range of 5 to 6,8, on day 7 it was in the range of 5,2 to 6,8, and on day 15, it was in the range of 5,5 to 6. The level of oxygen was at 4 ppm and the water temperature was in the range of 26 to 28°C. The results of the identification towards the fatty acid compounds with GS-MS showed two fatty acid compounds; those are Hexadecanoic acid and 13-Octadecenoic acid. From this study, it can be concluded that there was an effect of giving the injection doses of A. planci compound on the analyses of SR, RPS, MR and MTD in the challenge test with the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila in comparison to the fish not given with fatty acid compounds of A. planci.

Ikan tuna adalah jenis ikan dengan kandungan protein yang tinggi dan lemak yang rendah. Ikan tuna mengandung protein antara 22,6 - 26,2 g/100 g daging. Lemak antara 0,2 - 2,7 g/100 g daging. Di samping itu ikan tuna mengandung mineral, kalsium, fosfor, zat besi dan sodium, vitamin A (retinol), dan vitamin B (thiamin, riboflavin dan niasin). Salah satu pengolahan tradisional ikan tuna adalah pembuatan kerupuk ikan tuna, produk olahan ini sangat digemari oleh masyarakat. Karena memiliki nilai ekonomi, maka produk olahan ini perlu diteliti, untuk mengetahui total kepadatan koloni bakteri, mengetahui jenis-jenis bakteri pada kerupuk ikan tuna dan mengetahui cita rasa kerupuk tuna dengan metode uji organoleptik, yaitu tekstur, aroma, warna dan rasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksporatif, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara langsung pada tempat pengolahan yaitu di Kelurahan Toboko dan Akehuda Kota Ternate. Hasil  penelitian  menunjukan  bahwa jumlah total koloni bakteri tertinggi adalah 3.1 × 103 CFU/gram pada sampel A dan adalah 0.5 × 106 CFU/gram pada sampel A dan B. Hasil indentifikasi bakteri ditemukan 3 (tiga) jenis Microccus, Bacillus, dan Stapylococcus. Sedangkan rata-rata hasil analisis organoleptik adalah; warna 1-9, aroma 6.52-7.79, tekstur 7.63 dan rasa adalah 7.41-8.11.