The experimental material comprising of 31 genotypes along with four checks of barley were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications over two years during Rabi, 2016-17 and Rabi, 2017-18. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for all the characters in pooled over environments. High PCV and GCV (>20%) values alongwith high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for number of grains per spike, biological yield per plant and seed yield per plant which indicated the predominance of additive gene action. Association study showed significant and positive correlation of biological yield per plant, number of grains per spike and number of tillers per plant with seed yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis also exhibited high positive direct and indirect contributions of these traits towards seed yield per plant indicating further selection based on these traits for effective improvement in barley.

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Data pertaining to 9,148 lactation records of Frieswal cows sired by 97 bulls from 1991 to 2012 and maintained at Military Farms (Meerut and Ambala) were used in the study. Results of the study clearly indicated that the non- genetic factors like farm, parity, season and period of calving had significant effect on the lactation traits like total lactation milk yield, peak yield and lactation length. So the adjustments have to be taken for accurate estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values. Since the Frieswal cattle is affected by non-genetic factors, proper production strategies should be adopted to improve the performance of Frieswal cows.

Economy of the people of dry region mainly depends on animal husbandry, where silvopastoral system plays an important role by providing not only grass fodder but also feed from the tree component together with benefits of carbon sequestration and soil improvement. Tree component influences pasture production by competing for light, soil water and nutrients, which needs to be managed for increased production. A silvopastoral experiment was conducted at AFRI, Jodhpur involving Cenchrus ciliaris grass intercropped with 17 years old Colophospermum mopane trees at spacing of 5×10 m 2. Four treatments were: Intact tree, Tree pruning up to 70% tree height, root barrier treatment, and both tree pruning and root barrier treatment. Pooled data of last four years revealed non-significant variations in clump number, tillers number and clump diameter of C. ciliaris grass among treatments and sole grass plots. Dry mass production of C. ciliaris was significantly high in sole grass plot than in treatments. However, grass production was highest in pruned and root barrier tree and lowest in intact tree than in other treatments. Photosnthetically Active Radiation (PAR) was highest (p<0.05) in sole grass plots. PAR varied from 325 to 1285 µmol m-2 s-1. PAR was highest in lopped and root barrier tree and increased with distances from tree trunk. Soil water content (SWC) increased (p<0.05) with increasing soil depth and distances from tree. SWC was highest in pruned and root barrier tree than intact tree. Results indicate that tree pruned along with root barrier is beneficial in enhancing productivity of silvipostoral system in dry areas.