-In this paper, we propose a novel, energy aware scheduling algorithm for applications running on DVS-enabled multiprocessor systems, which exploits variation in execution times of individual tasks. In particular, our algorithm takes into account latency and resource constraints, precedence constraints among tasks and input-dependent variation in execution times of tasks to produce a scheduling solution and voltage assignment such that the average energy consumption is minimized. Our algorithm is based on a mathematical programming formulation of the scheduling and voltage assignment problem and runs in polynomial time. Experiments with randomly generated task graphs show that up to 30% savings in energy can be obtained by using our algorithm over existing techniques. We perform experiments on two real-world applications -MPEG-4 decoder and MJPEG encoder. Simulations show that the scheduling solution generated by our algorithm can provide up to 25% reduction in energy consumption over greedy dynamic slack reclamation algorithms.

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ABSTRACT

The ability to integrate diverse components such as processor cores, memories, custom hardware blocks and complex network-on-chip (NoC) communication frameworks onto a single chip has greatly increased the design space available for system-on-chip (SoC) designers. Efficient and accurate performance estimation tools are needed to assist the designer in making design decisions. In this paper, we present MC-Sim, a heterogeneous multi-core simulator framework which is capable of accurately simulating a variety of processor, memory, NoC configurations and application specific coprocessors. We also describe a methodology to automatically generate fast, cycletrue behavioral, C-based simulators for coprocessors using a high-level synthesis tool and integrate them with MC-Sim, thus augmenting it with the capacity to simulate coprocessors. Our Cbased simulators provide on an average 45x improvement in simulation speed over that of RTL descriptions. We have used this framework to simulate a number of real-life applications such as the MPEG4 decoder and litho-simulation, and experimented with a number of design choices. Our simulator framework is able to accurately model the performance of these applications (only 7% off the actual implementation) and allows us to explore the design space rapidly and achieve interesting design implementations.

Isolated dislocation of the scaphoid is very rare. A 45-year old male, industrial worker reported two and half months after injury with wrist pain and swelling on the dorsum of left wrist. He was diagnosed as neglected dorsal dislocation of scaphoid. Proximal row carpectomy with capsular interposition was done stabilizing the distal carpus on the radius using Kirschner wires. At-12 months follow-up the patient had good wrist function and was satisfied with the outcome of the treatment. We hereby report this neglected dorsal dislocation of scaphoid in view of rarity and discuss the various options for management.