The aqueous extracts of Citrus unshiu peel containing flavonoid glycosides was used as co‐substrate with Schizophyllum commune mycelia producing β‐glucosidase and its biological activities were studied. β‐glucosidase‐produced S. commune mycelia converted the glycosides (narirutin and hesperidin) into aglycones (naringenin and hesperetin). The photoprotective potential of fermented C. unshiu peel extract with S. commune (S‐CPE) was tested in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) exposed to UVA. It was revealed that S‐CPE had an inhibitory effect on human interstitial collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase, MMP‐1) expression in UVA‐irradiated HDFs. The treatment of UVA‐irradiated HDFs with S‐CPE resulted in a dose‐dependent decrease in the expression level of MMP‐1 mRNA. The UVA irradiation raised the proportion of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) positive cells in comparison with the normal control group. The treatment of UVA‐irradiated HDFs with S‐CPE was shown to decrease the level of SA‐β‐gal (by approximately 45% at an S‐CPE concentration 0.1%, w/v) compared with the UVA‐irradiated HDFs. It was found that S‐CPE containing hesperetin has notable collagen biosynthetic activity for fibroblasts, indicating that S‐CPE can be promising cosmetic ingredients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The distributed capacitive and resistive nature of both the row and column lines in an AMLCD introduces significant propagation delays to their respective addressing signals. The row signal delay is conventionally accommodated by shortening the row select time, which requires lower TFT on‐resistance to provide adequate charging ratios of the pixels. We present a new approach to column driving which results in a much‐improved pixel‐charging ratio. The benefit is of particular interest to large‐area, high‐resolution, wide‐aspect‐ratio, LCD TVs.