2014) 24 electron cluster formulas as the 'molecular' units of ideal metallic glasses, Philosophical Magazine, 94:22, 2520-2540, It is known that ideal metallic glasses fully complying with the Hume-Rothery stabilization mechanism can be expressed by a universal cluster formula of the form [cluster](glue atom) 1 or 3 . In the present work, it is shown, after a reexamination of the cluster-resonance model, that the number of electrons per unit cluster formula, e/u, is universally 24. The cluster formulas are then the atomic as well as the electronic structural units, mimicking the 'molecular' formulas for chemical substances. The origin of different electron number per atom ratios e/a is related to the total number of atoms Z in unit cluster formula, e/a = 24/Z. The 24 electron formulas are well confirmed in typical binary and ternary bulk metallic glasses.

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Development of pulsed‐techniques aimed to generate highly ionized target species and high plasma density opens up a new way to tailor composition, structure, and properties of coatings. In this work, TiAlSiN coatings have been deposited at various negative substrate biases (Vs) using deep oscillation magnetron sputtering by sputtering a TiAlSi compound target in Ar/N2 mixtures. The increase in Vs from −30 to −120 V resulted in a decrease in (111)‐preferred orientation and grain size, together with the increase in residual stress and rough morphology. The nc‐TiAlN/a‐Si3N4 nanocomposite structure was obtained in coatings. The highest hardness and Young's modulus reached 42.4 and 495 GPa at −120 V, respectively. However, at −60 V, the coatings with the highest H/E* and H3/E*2 ratios of 0.095 and 0.332 exhibited excellent adhesion with above HF1 level, the lowest coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.35 and specific wear rate of 2.1 × 10−7 mm3 N−1 m−1. Wear mechanism changed from the mixture of severe adhesive, oxidative and abrasive wear to mild oxidative wear to severe oxidative wear. TiAlSiN coatings with high hardness and H/E* and H3/E*2 ratios exhibited the decrease in COF and wear rate due to refined grains in uniform distribution, which well promoted oxide layers formed on sliding contact surface.

Branched ZnO nanotrees (NTs) have been successfully synthesized on flexible fiber-paper substrates for realizing high-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators. With this method, a significant enhancement in output voltage of the NGs ranging from 14 mV to 0.1 V was achieved, with a nearly 20 times enhanced power density compared to the vertically grown ZnO NWs, enough to power some micro/nano devices.In this paper, branched ZnO nanotrees (NTs) have been synthesized on flexible fiber-paper substrates by introducing a multistep hydrothermal approach for realizing highperformance piezoelectric nanogenerators. With this method, a significant enhancement in output voltage of the NGs ranging from 14 mV to 0.1 V was achieved, with a nearly 20 times enhanced power density compared to the vertically grown ZnO NWs. This is the first demonstration of fabricating branched ZnO NTs-coated fiber paper for energy harvesting devices, which may provide guidelines for designing high-performance piezoelectric energy harvesting.