ZusammenfassungDie umfassende Untersuchung des Schlafes basiert auf der Polysomnographie. Die urspriingliche 13"berwachung auf einem Anaiogmonitor und einem Papierschreiber wird zunehmend durch computergestiJtzte Systeme abgel6st. Wer heute einen Polysomnographen beurteilen will ben6tigt zusatzliche Fachkenntnisse, die hier in ihren Grundztigen vermittelt werden. Grundlagen der Biosignalverarbeitung bezogen auf die im Schlaflabor gemessenen Gr613en werden dargestellt. Eine digitale Polysomnographie erfiillt mehrere Funktionen im Schlaflabor. Diese sind die Funktion des Papierschreibers, des Dokumentationsblattes, der automatischen Schlafauswertung und der automatischen kardiorespiratorischen Auswertung. Ein Konsens mit minimalen Anforderungen an die zeitliche und amplitudenbezogene Aufl6sung der Signale unter Beriicksichtigung internationaler Standards wird vorgestellt. Es werden auch die Anforderungen an die automatische Auswertung des Schlafes, der kardiorespiratorischen Funktion und der Beinbewegungen benannt und die minimal notwendigen Parameter aufgeffihrt. Im Vergleich zur digitalen Bildverarbeitung k6nnen die aufgefiihrten Empfehlungen mit einem moderaten Aufwand bezogen auf die Ger~itetechnik verwirklicht werden. SchliisselwOrterPolysomnographie -Standards -Empfehlungcn -Biosignalverarbeitung -Schlafaufzeichnung -Schlafauswertung. SummaryPolysomnography is the basis of sleep investigation. Former techniques with analogue monitors and chart writers are nowadays replaced by digital systems. To judge on a modern polysomnographic system requires additional knowledge of which basics are provided in this paper. Therefore basics of biosignal analysis necessary for sleep are given here. A digital polysomnography serves several functions in a sleep laboratory. These are: a chart writer, a documentation of events, an automatic sleep analysis and an automatic analysis of cardiorespiratory signals. A consensus with minimal requirements on time and amplitude resolutions is given taking international standards into consideration. Requirements for an automatic analysis of sleep, of cardiorespiratory function, and of leg movements are named and the minimum set of parameters is defined. Comparing these recommendations with digital image processing the desired needs on technology are moderate and can be realised with adequate efforts.
Question of the study The reliable evaluation of polysomnographic recordings (PSG) is an essential precondition for good clinical practice in sleep medicine. Although the scoring rules of Rechtschaffen and Kales [86] are internationally well established, they leave some room for different interpretations, and this may contribute to the limited reliability of visual sleep scoring. The German Sleep Society (DGSM) has set up a task force to devise ways to improve scoring reliability in the framework of their quality management programme. The intention was not to revise the rules of Rechtschaffen and Kales (R&K), but to facilitate their reliable application in sleep scoring and to support the development of standardized algorithms for computerized sleep analysis. Methods The task force was formed in September 2004 as a subcommittee of the educational panel of the DGSM. The members of the task force are experienced in sleep scoring and have a background either in physiology, neurology, psychiatry, psychology, or biology. The aim of the task force was to provide interpretation aids and, if needed, specifications or amendments to the R&K rules for the scoring of sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) waveforms and patterns. Decisions were based on the nominal group technique of a nominal panel as the formal consensus-building process. The consensus process was based on scoring and face-to-face discussions of at least 40 examples for each pattern in four 2-day meetings.Results Relevant EEG patterns for sleep stage scoring are alpha, theta, and delta waves, sleep spindles, K-complexes, vertex sharp waves, and sawtooth waves. If definitions for a given EEG pattern differed in the literature, the nominal group technique resulted in specifications and amended scoring rules for these EEG patterns. A second part including a series of examples with explanatory comments for each of these EEG patterns is under preparation.Conclusions Amendatory scoring rules of those EEG patterns that are relevant for sleep scoring may contribute to increasing the reliability of visual sleep scoring and to support the development of standardized algorithms for computerized sleep analysis. ZusammenfassungEinleitung Die reliable Evaluation polysomnographischer Ableitungen ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für die Gute Klinische Praxis (GCP) in der Schlafmedizin. Obwohl die Auswertungsregeln von Rechtschaffen und Kales (R&K) [86] international gut etabliert sind, lassen diese einigen Interpretationsspielraum. Dies wird als ein möglicher Grund für die relativ eingeschränkte Reliabilität visueller Auswertungen angesehen. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin (DGSM) hat daher eine Task Force eingerichtet, die im Rahmen des Qualitätsmanagementprogramms der DGSM Vorschläge zur Verbesserung der Auswertungsreliabilität ausarbeiten soll. Die Intention dieser Task Force ist es nicht, die Regeln von R&K zu revidieren, sondern vielmehr deren reliable Anwendung in der Auswertung von Polysomnographien zu ermöglichen und damit auch die Entwic...
IPfalzklinik Landeck, Klingenmtinstcr, 2Zentralkrankenhaus Gauting, Gauting, 3Institut for die P~.dagogik der Naturwissenschaften, Kiel, 4Karl-Hansen Klinik, Bad Lippspringe, 5Neurologische Universit~itsklinik, Wien Schliisselwo'rter Schlafst6rungen -Tagesschl~ifrigkeit -Leistungsf~ihigkeit -Schlafentzug -Aufmerksamkeit -Neuropsychologie. SummarySleepiness and performance decrements are one of the most prominent symptoms in sleep disorders. The examination of sleepiness related social risks in sleep medicine, like e.g. driving capacity or working capability is still an open problem. Because of the lack of an exact definition of the term sleepiness, the inappropriate use of sleepiness related diagnostic tools and the complexity of the methods itself, there are several difficulties in the diagnostic procedure of daytime sleepiness. From a neuropsychological point of view the theoretical basis of sleepiness and influencing variables in the assessment of daytime sleepiness are discussed. With respect to sleep deprivation studies a neuropsychological concept for the assessment of sleepiness related symptoms is proposed. Task and personality related factors, the influence of circadian rhythms and variables of situation and their control in the situation of investigation are shown.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.