Analysis of the IR., UV., and polarographic data of a variety of 2‐arylhydrazono‐3‐ketimino‐nitriles indicated that these derivatives exist mainly in the intramolecularly chelated hydrazone structure 1. Compounds 1 reacted with hydrazine hydrate to yield the corresponding 5‐amino‐4‐arylazopyrazoles (3). Compounds 3a reacted with acetylacetone, ethyl acetoacetate, and diethyl malonate to yield the pyrazolo[1, 5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives 4, 5, and 7 respectively. Compound 3a also reacted with benzoylisothiocyanate to yield the pyrazolyl thiourea derivative 8.

BackgroundUsing intra-articular injections of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has showen promising results in treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Its regenerative properties depends on the amount of growth factors (GF) released after platelets activation. Using large-volume of blood for obtaining allogenic PRP can provide higher concentrations of platelet and GF. However once prepared, PRP is stable for only 8-hours. Freeze drying (lyophilization) can be used to stabilize the biological materials for prolonged storage without causing their damage (1).ObjectivesInvestigating the effectiveness of intra-articular allogenic lyophilized growth factors (L-GF) injection in patients with symptomatic KOA using clinical and knee ultrasonography assessment.Methods30-patients with symtomatic primary KOA, diagnosed according to revised criteria of the aCR (2), were enrolled. Local ethical approval was obtained. All patients had given a written informed consent. The study group was equally randomized into intervention and control groups. Both was subjected to baseline functional assessment using WOMAC score; evaluating pain, stiffness, and physical function (3), and ultrasonography (US) assessment of knee effusion. The patients in control group were kept on their medications without intervention. The intervention group was recieved two doses of L-GF; at baseline and after 2-months. L-GF was prepared from platelets derived from individual whole blood donations. Each unit of platelets was tested in and found to be non-reactive for HBsAg, HIV I & II antibodies, HIV p-24 antigen, HCV antibodies and antibodies to Treponema Palidum, by licensed assay methods. Seronegative plasma were further examined by Nuclear acid Testing. Further viral inactivation by UV-radiation and Riboflavin by the Mirasol system was done. The platelets in the buffy coat layer were activated using CaCl2 to release their GF. Excess water, cellular elements and fibrinogen were removed and the remaining GF were “ultraconcentrated.” Lyophilization of the obtained GF was then processed. The L-GF was supplied as powder in tightly sealed container and was stored at 2° to 8° C. Prior to use, reconstitution of the product was done using 1-ml saline and 1-ml lignocaine then the mixture was kept at ambient temperature for 5-min. To ensure complete protein re-hydration. After 6-months the WOMAC score and knee US were repeated for all particepients. Then percent of improvement of WOMAC and US detected effusion were calculated for all patients.ResultsThe patients in the intervention group was significantly older (56±9 years) and had heigher BMI (38±5.3 kg/m2) in comparison to control (44±11 years, 33±5.6 kg/m2). Both groups showed statistically insignificant difference regarding the baseline total WOMAC score and radiographic assessment. Post injection pain was reported by all patients in intervention group, it lasted only for 2.4±0.83 hours and was graded as mild. The mean of total WOMAC score and its 3-compenents in addition to knee effusion were decreased signi...

The polarographic behaviour of a series of arylazothiohydantoin derivatives has been investigated a t a dropping mercury electrode. Two waves were displayed. The first and predominant one is due to the reductive splitting of the azo-linkage by a 4e irreversible process. The second is assumed to be for the reduction of the CONHCO group in the resulting molecule. A mechanism for the electrode process covering a wide range of pH is proposed, discussed, and clarified via model compounds, identification of the resulting products of electrolysis, pK, determinations, and the interpretation of a-€3 plots.

No abstract

No abstract