No breakage of femoral prosthesis stems made of hot-forged cobalt-base or titanium-base alloys has been reported since 1972, in spite of their being loosened and severely overstressed. The minimum requirements imposed on fracture-resistant femoral prosthesis stems were established in laboratory tests and studies lasting several years. The results of these time-consuming and costly efforts have been confirmed by the nonoccurrence of fatigue fractures in more than 350 000 original Mueller and Weber hip joint prostheses with stems made of hot-forged, high-strength Co-Ni-Cr-Mo Protasul-10 alloy, one of the future-oriented alloys used for biocompatible and highly stressed long-term implants. Straight-stem hip prostheses made of hot-forged Ti-Al-V alloy in combination with ceramic Biolox ball heads give promising results, as has been demonstrated by extensive laboratory tests. This must be further confirmed, however, in long-term field studies.
The effect of high-temperature sintering (1180°C and 1250°C) on the dimensional stability, geometrical precision, density and microstructure of rings made of five different low alloy steels was studied. Density and dimensional shrinkage slightly increase with temperature, but the dimensional and the geometrical precision of parts, do not depend on sintering temperature. Sintering temperature maybe therefore increased up to 1250°C without impairing the dimensional and geometrical precision of the investigated rings. An estimation of the effect of the high sintering temperature on tensile properties is presented, based on the microstructure and on the fraction of the load-bearing section. A significant increase in both tensile strength and tensile ductility may be expected, in particular when the sintering temperature is increased up to 1250°C.
Das Richten kaltverformter Federlegierungen in Draht‐ und Bandform führt zu einer Beeinträchtigung der makroskopischen Dehngrenzen dieser Werkstoffe bzw. des Hystereseverhaltens von Blattfedern. Durch Untersuchungen im REM und TEM wird nachgewiesen, daß beim Richten eine Erholung ausgelöst und während einer anschließenden Aushärtungsbehandlung verstärkt wird. Bei Legierungen mit unterschiedlichem Aushärtungsmechanismus in kaltverformtem und erholtem Zustand kann daraus eine Änderung des Aushärtverhaltens und der Aushärteffektivität resultieren.
Als Ursache eines negativen Einflusses des Richtens auf das Hystereseverhalten wird eine Zunahme der Subkorngröße nach Aushärtung gerichteter Proben festgestellt.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß mit einer Verbesserung der Geometrie durch Richten eine Verschlechterung der Federeigenschaften in Kauf genommen werden muß.
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