Nanoencapsulation is an attractive novel technique used for incorporating essential oils in food preparations and pharmaceutical formulae. This study investigated the effect of nanoencapsulation on the composition of volatile compounds, as well as the antioxidant and anticancer activities of hydrodistilled (HD) Origanum glandulosum Desf. Oil, which was encapsulated into nanocapsules via High Speed Homogenization (HSH) and into nanoemulsions through High Pressure Homogenization (HPH). Thirty-two volatile components were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) in HD essential oil representing 99.04% of the total oil content. GC-MS analysis showed that the use of HPH to prepare nanoemulsions negatively affected the active compounds present in HD oil, particularly carvacrol and thymol, whereas the use of HSH led to significant quantitative differences in the composition of volatiles between HD oil and nanocapsules but generated the same profile. Consistent with the differences in total phenolics, total flavonoids, and volatiles identified in HD and nanoparticles, HD essential oil exhibited a higher antioxidant activity (IC 50 4.22 mg/ mL) than nanocapsules (IC 50 57.51 mg/mL) and nanoemulsion (IC 50 78.50 mg/mL), while nanocapsules showed the strongest cytotoxic effect on liver cancer cell line Hep-G2 (54.93 μg/mL) in comparison to HD oil (73.13 μg/mL) and nanoemulsions (131.6 μg/mL).The Origanum genus (Lamiaceae family) includes approximately 38 species that have been studied extensively for potential importance, and uses in flavoring foods and traditional medicine due to their pharmacological characteristics 1 . Origanum species are widely distributed in North Africa, eastern Mediterranean, and Siberian regions. According to Kokkini 2 , Origanum taxa are rich in essential oils that exhibit well-known antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Based on the chemical composition of essential oils, Origanum species have been classified into three main chemotypes: thymol/carvacrol, linalool/terpinen-4-ol, and sesquiterpenes.Origanum glandulosum Desf., which belong to thymol and /or carvacrol chemotype, is an endemic herb of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia used in traditional medicine to treat cough, rheumatism, diabetes, and fever 3 . Previous studies have reported antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and insecticidal activities of the essential oil extracted from O. glandulosum Desf 4-7 . However, to the best of our knowledge, the anticancer properties of this oil have not yet been investigated, despite the focus of several recent studies on the use of natural products with potent antioxidant activity in cancer treatment 8 .Like most essential oils, the use of O. glandulosum Desf. oil in food or pharmaceutical industries may have some limitations owing to its aroma, flavor, volatility, poor dispersibility in hydrophilic media, and sensitivity

The aim of this study is to identify the chemical composition and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Chrysanthemum morifolium. The analysis and identification of essential oil which obtained by hydrodistilation method were realized by gaz chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity was tested by using the agar diffusion test and the Gram positive and negative pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090, Kleibseilla pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and Shigella sonnei were used to evaluate this activity. This analysis led to the identification of 26 compounds representing 88.40 % of the total essential oil mass. The major compound was Verbenone (17.33 %). Other components present in appreciable contents were: Chrysanthenone (9.71%). 4-epi-cubedol (07.25%) and δ-Cadinol (05.29 %). Essential oil of Chrysanthemum morifolium exhibited an antibacterial effect against pathogenic bacteria, like those observed against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (35±1.2mm) and Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090 (21±0.87mm), however Pseudomonas aeruginosa  ATCC  27853  and  Kleibseilla  pneumoniae  ATCC  700603                      were resistant. The anatomical study showed the presence of several types of trichomes including the glands secreted for essential oils and protector trichomes. Keywords: essential oil, antibacterial activity, Chrysanthemum morifolium, anatomical study, chemical composition

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Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae) is used in Algerian traditional medicine. The ethnobotanical study conducted in the region of Setif (East Algeria) has as an objective of evaluating the potential of the region of Aristolochia longa L. used in the treatment of different diseases. A questionnaire was used which consisted of the diseases treated by this plant, the part of the plant used in the treatment and how to use this plant. The survey targeted 100 people from the local population. We also evaluated the phytochemical composition of the aerial parts (stems and leaves), fruits and tubers. Our results showed that A. longa is widely used to treat several ailments such as cancer (43%), diabetes (17%), and treatment of wounds in cattle (12%), and intestinal and stomach diseases (9 and 7%), the most used part is tubers by 70%.Crushed tubers are commonly mixed with honey(44%), milk(24%), water (8%). Results of the phytochemical screening revealed that A. longa contained various bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and Alkaloids. In addition, there is very little information concerning the anatomical and morphological structure of this species of Setif region (Algeria), a preliminary study on anatomy of this plant is therefore reported in this paper. These preliminary results could be used to justify the traditional use of this plant and their bioactive substances could be exploited for therapeutic purposes such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, and may be considered as a promising source of new drugs for treating cancer. Keywords: Aristolochia longa L., ethnobotany Setif(Algeria), anatomical study of plant, phytochemical screening.

Leaves of the Olea europaea L. species are frequently utilized in both folk and modern medicine.In nowadays are strongly valuable for their beneficial effects to treat a multitude of bacterial and inflammation-type diseases, two wild olive subspecies fixed in this research: the widespread Mediterranean Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris and the endemic Olea europaea subsp. laperrinei from Saharan region, Despite its ecological value, the chemical composition of subsp. laperrinei oil remains unknown, the samples were harvested from the different geographical area. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) analysis of subsp europaea var. sylvestris allowed the identification of 29 compounds oil with Nonanal (11.82%), Theaspiranea A (9.81%), 3-hexen-1-ol,benzoate(9.31%), β-damascenone (6.87%), α-pinene (6.32%), Farnesol (6.10%) as a major constituents, while the subspecies of the Saharan region were resultedthe identification of 31 compounds where α-pinene (16%), β-Ocimene (12.82%), dl-Limonene(8.20%), Nonanal (8.18%), was the main components .The Monoterpene hydrocarbons represented the most abundant class in the two essential oils samples. The results of the disc diffusion method showed that the two volatile oils have efficient antibacterial activity but, subsp. laperrinei essential oil has a higher range of inhibition, in which P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis showed extreme sensitivity, while the K. pneumoniae bacterium shows great resistance to the two essential oils. These results demonstrated the medicinal value of olive leaves, as well as the impact of climate on the volatiles produced.