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Background: Considering the importance of pre-hospital resuscitation, it is necessary to update staff on the relevant knowledge and skills through education, sufficient practice, good supervision and recruitment of appropriately qualified cadres. Aims: This study aimed to determine the association between knowledge and skills for emergency medical services (EMS) of basic life support in northwest Khuzestan province, Islamic Republic of Iran, in 2016. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all EMS (75 participants) in two emergency centers in the southwest of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The sampling was done via the available census. Three questionnaires were used: 1) demographic information (age, time of participation in retraining classes, academic degree, and employment); 2) knowledge of basic life support (BLS); and 3) checklist of BLS and automated external defibrillator (AED) skills. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, chi-square, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: 30.7% of the emergency medical services had poor knowledge (mean score was 19.35 1 / 10 WHO EMRO | Relationship between knowledge and skill for basic life support in emergency medical serv ± 3.9; range: 0-34) and 42.7% of subjects had poor skills (mean score was 5.40 ± 2.39; range: 0-9). Both results are higher than the national average. The findings also indicated that 70.7% of staff did not use AED devices correctly, and there was a significant relationship between staff knowledge and skills with AED device use (P < 0.05). Among the 41 participants that had taken part in training classes 12 months previously, more than 50% had poor skills (n=21) and only 7 participants had good skills. Also, among the 11 participants who had taken part in training classes 3 months ago, 7 participants had good skills. In general, there was no relationship between staff knowledge and skill (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that none of the participants acquired a full knowledge score and only 6 participants gained the total skill score.

Objective To assess the effect of face-to-face education on anxiety and pain in children with minor extremity injuries undergoing outpatient suturing. Methods Children in intervention and control groups received face-to-face education (10 minutes) and no specific education, respectively. The anxiety and pain was measured using Modified-Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, and pain by Faces Pain Scale–Revised, respectively in 3 stages viz, pre-procedure and pre-intervention, post-procedure. Results Children in the intervention group were less anxious than the control at pre-procedure and post-intervention stage (41.1 (13.8) vs. 46.3 (19.1), respectively, P=0.03) and post-procedure and post-intervention stage (32.3 (17.2) vs. 40.2 (12.9), respectively, P=0.01). Children in the intervention group experienced less pain than the control at pre-procedure and post-intervention stage (3.9 (3.8) vs. 4.9 (3.1), respectively, P<0.001) and post-procedure and post-intervention stage (3.1 (1.2) vs. 4.0 (2.1), respectively, P=0.001). Conclusions Face-to-face education could reduce anxiety and pain in children undergoing suturing in the emergency department.

Background: This study was aimed to determine the children's' blood sugar level in fluid therapy with DSS, RSand NS 0.9% serums and its relationship with the depth of anesthesia in elective surgery.Method: This double-blind experimental study was performed with 90 children referred to the surgical ward, including: group A (receiving DSS), group B (receiving NS 0.9%) and group C (receiving RS) that the blood sugar of each group in 5 steps was measured: half an hour before induction of anesthesia, during induction of anesthesia, half and one hour after induction of anesthesia and after complete awakening in recovery. In addition, the monitoring the vital signs, measuring depth of anesthesia, pulse oximetry and electrocardiogram were performed for all groups.Results: The results showed that the mean blood sugar in the 5 steps measured had a significant difference in three groups under study (P <0.05). The mean blood sugar in the group receiving DSS was significantly higher than the two groups receiving RS and NS 0.9%. Also the mean depth of anesthesia in three groups did not show a significant difference.Conclusion: Finally, according to this study, the use of DSS from the beginning of anesthesia, RS half an hour after the start of anesthesia and NS 0.9% one hour after the start of anesthesia can increase blood sugar in children. Therefore, the use of DSS is not recommended due to the stressful nature of anesthesia and operating room and the possibility of hyperglycemia.

Background and aims:Visiting is one of the basic requirements of patients, but most doctors and nurses know visiting as a stressor. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the presence of visitors on the quality of patients' treatment.Methods:In this review, we studied 20 reliable documentations and sources extracted from sites of SID, PUBMED, and magazines inside and outside the country about the presence of visitors, fellows and training them in various sectors and also treatment processes and the results of the reviewed articles were compared.Results:The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the anxiety and severe physiological changes in patients who had visitors and those who had no visitors. (P<0.05) In addition, the length of delivery in women who had visitors was statistically different and longer than those who had no visitors (P<0.05). Also, there was a statistically significant difference between the rates of death in patients who had no visitors and the patients who had visitors (P<0.05).Conclusion:The presence of visitors has reduced anxiety and death in patients and has prevented severe changes in physiological indicators. Moreover, the presence of visitors reduces the duration of delivery, which of course should be accompanied with proper training.