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We suggest using the theory of linear programming to design diffractive superresolution elements if the upper bound of the intensity distribution on the input plane is restricted, and using variation theory of functional or wide-sense eigenvalue theory of matrix if the upper bound of the radiation flux through the input plane is restricted. Globally optimal solutions can be obtained by each of these theories. Several rules of the structure and the superresolution performance of diffractive superresolution elements are provided, which verify the validity of these theories and set some limits of optical superresolution.

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By using previously established methods based on linear programming (MLP), we design and fabricate two types of diffractive superresolution element (DSE). The structure parameters and superresolution performances of the fabricated DSEs are tested. The test results agree well with the design results and are applicable to a writable or a read-only optical disk. Thus the application validity of the MLP is experimentally verified.

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