No abstract

In the world, 450 million people suffered from mental disorders also the particular global burden will be increased from 12.3 to 15% by 2020. 1 Depression are extremely dramatic and debilitating multifacetic disorders, which ranked as the fourth leading cause of mortality, disability and life threatening disease, characterized by a downcast mood, loss of pleasure, negative thoughts, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy and suicidal ideations. 2 Several antidepressant therapies aimed for enhance the neurotransmitter level and normalize the transmission. 3 Although majority of commercially available anti-depressant drugs have proven to be effective, but they caused adverse side-effects such as tiredness, blurred vision, weight gain, nausea, dry mouth, agitation fatigue and sexual dysfunction. 4 Anxiety is a high prevalent physiological state characterized by sympathetic hyperactivity, psychomotor tension, and vigilance syndrome. 5 Benzodiazepines, diazepam are used to treat anxiety disorders and causes adverse side-effects such as amnesia, sedation, changes in body weight and physical dependence. 6 Commercial drug benzodiazepines for insomnia have adverse effect viz., hangover, addiction and subsequent drug resistance. Even though, zolpidem, zopiclone and zaleplon are non-benzodiazepine, which is most recently permitted for the short-term executive of insomnia, also have side-effects such as headache, anxiety and wooziness. 7 Epilepsy associated with high rhythmic high frequency of impulses discharges by a group of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Researchers focused

Cyperus rotundus Ethanolic Extract (EECR) investigated for antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and hypnotic and muscle relaxant activities in two different animal models to find out its scientific values. Oral administration of EECR at doses of 200 and 400 mg kgG 1 on various behavioural models such as tail suspension, hole-board, elevated-plus-maze, locomotor, strychnine, maximal electroshock induced seizure, pentylenetetrazole, rotarod, climbing an inclined screen in mice and forced swim light-dark box models in rats was utilized. In the open field test, EECR (200 and 400 mg kgG 1 ) (p<0.05, p<0.01) increased in numbers of rearing. However, the number of central motor and ambulation reduced. The number of entries and the time spent in the open arm were increased while the number of locomotion was decreased (p<0.01) in elevated-plus-maze and actophotometer test, respectively. The EECR (200 and 400 mg kgG 1 ) protected the mice against the pentylenetetrazole and strychnine induced convulsions; it causes significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) dose dependent increase in latency of convulsion. Treatment with EECR decreased the duration of the tonic hind limb extension induced by electroshock. The EECR treatment also significantly increased the hypnotic's time and decreased motor co-ordination of experimental animals. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that C. rotundus treatment triggers immobility behavior, time spent in light, locomotor and climbing time in rat and mice model. Further studies will confirm the mechanism of action of C. rotundus for CNS drug development.