Retrospective analysis was performed to assess the survival-rates of children with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), treated according to the NHL-BFM (Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster)-90 and -95 protocols between 1990 and 2004 in Hungary, and to compare our data with the international results. Ninety-one patients had non-B-NHL, 108 B-NHL, and 31 ALCL. Complete remission rate was 89%, while 12% relapsed later. The 5-year-overall-survival was 78% and the event-free survival was 75%. These results are lower than those reported by the BFM study group, but comparable from other European centers. In the last 5 years, the results showed 10% improvement and death during induction was reduced from 10 to 3%.
Recombinant erythropoietin is widely used for the treatment of anemia in malignant diseases in adults. There are only limited data of its use in pediatric population. In this study we analysed the effectiveness and tolerability of recombinant human erythropoietin (NeoRecormon) in children with malignant diseases. 80 children with malignant diseases were analysed. 40 patients (15 girls, 25 boys) received EPO in a mean dosage of 144.5±14.1 IU/kg three times a week. The mean age of the EPO-treated patients was 8.8 (2.5–16) years. 26 children had acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 14 patients had solid tumor. Match-paired, retrospective control patients (n=40) with similar diagnosis were used for the data analysis as control group (C). The mean duration of EPO treatment was 5.8 months (3–8 mo). In 6 patients the therapy was ceased due to elevated serum hemoglobin (Hb) (>130 g/L), in 6 patients the dose was increased up to 200 IU/kg three times a week, and 5 patients discontinued the therapy (2 died, 3 unsuccessful treatment). The mean amount of erythrocyte transfusion in the first 3 months of chemotherapy (CT) was 4.1±3.1 U/patient in the EPO group, and 8.0±4.2 in C, and during 6 months of CT 4.5±3.4 with EPO, and 11.6±7.1 in C (p<0.05). Soluble transferrine receptor (STFR) levels in serum increased in the EPO group after 2 weeks of therapy from 3.2±2.0 up to 4.8±2.9 (p<0.05). In general in 26/40 patients a significant elevation of the Hb levels and decrease of the need of erythrocyte transfusions could be detected. In 22 patients the STFR levels increased more than 50 % after 2 weeks of therapy. In this subgroup 18/22 children responded to EPO therapy. All patients tolerated the therapy well, no severe side effects were detected. In summary, EPO treatment is effective in about 2/3 of pediatric oncology patients. The therapy is well-tolerated. Increase in the STFR serum levels might be a useful marker for the effectiveness of EPO in children.
Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A COVID–19-pandémia kapcsán számos tanulmány vizsgálta a tünetek gyakoriságát és a járványterjedés jellemzőit gyermekkorban, kevés azonban az alapellátás adatait összefoglaló publikáció. Közleményünkben 12 házi gyermekorvosi praxis 545 SARS-CoV-2-fertőzött betegének adatait elemeztük a 2. (n = 293) és a 3. (n = 252) járványhullámban. Célkitűzés: A gyermekkori fertőzések tünettanának és epidemiológiai jellemzőinek összehasonlítása korcsoportok és járványhullámok között. Módszer: Valamennyi alapellátó praxis egységes retrospektív adatgyűjtést végzett ugyanazon paraméterek regisztrálásával. Eredmények: A 10 év alatti betegekben a láz, a nátha és a köhögés dominált (30–50%), míg a 10 év felettiekben magas arányban regisztráltunk általános tüneteket is (30–40% fejfájás, gyengeség, szaglászavar). A 2. hullámban a 11–18 évesek (68%), a 3. hullámban a 0–10 évesek (53%) voltak többségben. A 3. hullámban szignifikánsan emelkedett a légúti tünetek előfordulása, az általános tünetek gyakorisága jelentősen csökkent, és szignifikánsan nőtt a családon belüli expozíció aránya (36% vs. 58%) a 2. hullámmal összehasonlítva. A gyermekről családtagra történő továbbterjedés 24% és 16% volt a két járványhullámban, és mértékét az életkor befolyásolta. Megbeszélés: A klinikai kép az életkorral és a feltételezett vírusvariánssal mutatott összefüggést: 10 év alatt a légúti tünetek domináltak, 10 év felett szignifikánsan több általános tünetet regisztráltunk a 0–10 évesekhez képest. A 3. járványhullámban az alfa-variáns terjedésével gyakoribbá váltak a légúti tünetek, az iskolabezárások következtében megváltozott az életkori megoszlás, és megemelkedett a családi expozíció okozta fertőzések aránya. A fertőzés továbbadása háztartáson belül mindkét hullámban alacsony maradt. Következtetés: A COVID–19 klinikai megjelenését és terjedési jellemzőit jelentősen befolyásolta az érintett gyermekpopuláció életkori összetétele, a cirkuláló vírusvariáns és az aktuális korlátozó intézkedések. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(44): 1751–1760. Summary. Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of publications examined the frequency of symptoms and the mode of transmission in childhood but only a few community-based studies have been published. In our paper, 545 pediatric COVID-19 patients’ data were collected by 12 primary care pediatricians in the second (n = 293) and third (n = 252) waves of the pandemic. Objective: To compare the frequency of symptoms and household transmission in different age groups and between the two waves. Method: Patients’ data and disease characteristics were recorded retrospectively in the same manner by all participating pediatricians. Results: In patients of <10 years of age, fever, rhinorrhea and cough were registered the most frequently (30–50%), in contrast to patients of >10 years, where high frequency of general symptoms was found (30–40% headache, weakness, anosmia). In the third wave, the ratio of the age group 11–18 years declined from 68% to 47%, the frequency of respiratory symptoms increased significantly, while the ratio of general symptoms decreased. Household exposition was more frequent in the third wave (36% vs. 58%), while the transmission rate from children to family members was 24% and 16%, respectively, and it varied with age. Discussion: Clinical manifestation showed relation to age and virus variant: the older age associated with higher frequency of general symptoms and the spread of the alpha variant led to the predominance of respiratory symptoms over general complaints. Prolonged school closures affected the age distribution and increased the frequency of household exposition. Secondary household transmission remained low. Conclusion: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric COVID-19 disease were highly influenced by age, dominant virus variant and mitigation measures. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(44): 1751–1760.
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