ABSTRACT:The study describes significant outcomes of the 'Metrology for Meteorology' project, MeteoMet, which is an attempt to bridge the meteorological and metrological communities. The concept of traceability, an idea used in both fields but with a subtle difference in meaning, is at the heart of the project. For meteorology, a traceable measurement is the one that can be traced back to a particular instrument, time and location. From a metrological perspective, traceability further implies that the measurement can be traced back to a primary realization of the quantity being measured in terms of the base units of the International System of Units, the SI. These two perspectives reflect long-standing differences in culture and practice and this project -and this study -represents only the first step towards better communication between the two communities. The 3 year MeteoMet project was funded by the European Metrology Research Program (EMRP) and involved 18 European National Metrological Institutes, 3 universities and 35 collaborating stakeholders including national meteorology organizations, research institutes, universities, associations and instrument companies. The project brought a metrological perspective to several long-standing measurement problems in meteorology and climatology, varying from conventional ground-based measurements to those made in the upper atmosphere. It included development and testing of novel instrumentation as well as improved calibration procedures and facilities, instrument intercomparison under realistic conditions and best practice dissemination. Additionally, the validation of historical temperature data series with respect to measurement uncertainties and a methodology for recalculation of the values were included.
Abstract. Calibration and testing of medical devices are one of the most important and critical issue in metrology field. Although metrological links has been well established for measurements in technical and military field, metrology link is not powerful enough for measurements in medical field. For the medical device industry and applications in health sector, nothing counts more than the safety of a patient. Therefore all hospitals & medical equipment manufacturers have to perform periodic testing and calibration of equipments, as a quality control regimen that guarantees the reliability of medical devices. Test, measurement and calibration of bio-medical equipments is becoming increasingly significant, when accuracy in diagnosis and effectiveness in treatment is required. A feasibility study has been carried out and a report was published last year at TÜBİTAK UME (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute) in order to outline the current situation in the country. A five year roadmap and a a plan were programmed for providing of reliability and metrological traceability in medical measurements. Medical metrology research laboratory has been established and a number of medical device design projects were initiated.
ÖzetçeMekanik Ventilatör, akciğer simulatoru gibi solunum cihazları kalibrasyonu için tasarlanmış özel akış kalibratörleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu kalibratörlerin de güvenirliği bakımından uluslararası izlenebilirlik zincirine ulusal standartlar vasıtasıyla bağlanmış olması gereklidir. Solunum kalibratörlerinin kalibrasyonunun gerçekleştirileceği ulusal referansın imalatından önce tasarımın üzerine inşa edileceği solunum fonksiyonunun matematiksel modelinin doğru analiz edilmesi önemlidir. Amaç zamanla sinüzoidal bir değişim gösteren referans debi elde etmektir. Bu bildiride böyle bir modellemenin esasları ve TÜBİTAK UME' de tasarlanacak referans standardın hangi parametreler üzerine kurulacağı anlatılacaktır. AbstractSpecial design flow calibrators are used for calibration of mechanical ventilators and lung simulators. It is necessary that these calibrators are connected to traceability chain via national standards. Mathematical models explaining the respiratory mechanics should be analyzed carefully before designing such a reference system for the purpose of calibration of flow calibrators. The purpose is to obtain a reference flow rate that shows a sinusoidal character. This paper explains the modeling studies and parameter considerations for design of the national reference standard at TUBITAK UME. GirişSolunum mekaniğinin matematiği; basınç, hacim ve debi ilişkisini kullanarak açıklanmaktadır. Hem mekanik ventilasyon uygulamaları hem de akciğer simulatorları için solunum sistemi hareket denklemi olarak da adlandırılabilecek şu matematiksel model temel alınmıştır [1]; Q R V E P . . + Δ = Δ (1) P Δ akciğerlere hava girmesi için oluşturulmuş toplam basınç farkı, akciğerlerin solunum sırasındaki hacim-basınç değişiminin bir ifadesi olan E elastans, ΔV akciğer tidal hacimi, R solunum sistemi hava direnci ve Q ise dt dV yani solunan hava debisidir. Yapılacak çalışma bu mekanik üzerine tasarlanmış solunum cihazlarının doğruluğunu analiz edebilmek olduğundan gerek sistemin matematiksel gerekse elektriksel modelinin termodinamik yasaları ile uyumunun sağlandığı bir piston sisteminin tasarımı sinüzoidal bir referans debi yaratılabilmek üzerine kurulmuştur. 2. Modelleme Elemanları En basit haliyle solunum işleminin matematiksel modeli temel alınarak hazırlanan elektriksel modeli kapasitörle seri bağlanmış dirençten oluşan RC devresidir (Şekil 1). R direnci solunan hava debisinin izlediği yol boyunca karşılaşacağı akış direncini, E kapasitör gibi dolan boşalan akciğer hacminin elastansını, ΔP solunum için kaslar yardımıyla oluşturulan basınç farkı, Q solunan hava debisini (devreden geçen akım) temsil etmektedir[2]. (a) RC elektrik devresi (b) RC solunum devresi Şekil 1. Solunum fonksiyonunun elektriksel modeli Şekil 2. RC devresinin karakteristiği RC devresinin doldur-boşalt eksponansiyel karakteristiği (Şekil 2) solunum sırasında akciğer hacmine hava doldurupboşaltma fonksiyonunu karşılamaktadır. + -akım R-Direnç
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