Bone metastases are the main reason for death in males suffering from advanced prostate cancer. This study aimed to create zoledronic acid and graphene oxide conjugation for anticancer therapy. The process of conjugation was confirmed by several characterization methods including UV-VIS spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and atomic force microscope (AFM). the cytotoxicity of 400, 600, and 800 μg/ml to each GO, ZOL, and ZOL-GO was evaluated on a human hepatic cell line (WRL 68) and human prostate cancer cell line (PC3) using an MTT assay. The antitumor mechanisms of ZOL-GO were examined by cell cycle analysis. The results demonstrated That ZOL-GO caused a reduction in the cell viability of WRL 68 and PC3, with IC50 values of about 932.9 and 787.9 µg/ml respectively. The cell cycle distribution was evaluated after treating the prostate cancer cells (PC3) with 800µg/mL of ZOL-GO, the results showed the presence of a highly significant arresting effect in the G1 phase (P≤ 0.002) than the untreated cells (control). Our findings demonstrate the potential antitumor activity of using GO as a nanocarrier to improve the therapeutic efficacy of prostate cancer.

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Toxins produced from bacteria constitute promising antitumor agents in treating different cancer types. Exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the highly toxic virulence component that bind to specific cell receptors. This study aimed to purify Exotoxin A from clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A total of 150 bacterial isolates were taken from clinical samples (burn and wounds) and were screened on selective media and identified as P. aeruginosa using biochemical analysis and molecular test by PCR amplification technique utilizing specific primer 16srRNA. Exotoxin A produced from P. aeruginosa were screened and purified by two steps that include gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. In this study, 68 isolates were characterized as P. aeruginosa, furthermore, real-time PCR proved that these isolates revealed 100% specificity, sensitivity and had positive amplified bands with a size of 249bp. The concentration of Exotoxin A extracted from P. aeruginosa using Trypticase soy broth was 18 Mg/ml. The percent of Purification and recovery for Exotoxin A was 21.4 %, 40% respectively. Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have the potential to produce Exotoxin A that is responsible for pathogenicity.