Lactoferrin was more effective than ferrous sulfate over a two-month period in pregnant women with IDA, with fewer gastrointestinal adverse events and better treatment acceptability.

This cross-sectional community-based study with analytic component was conducted among Egyptian pregnant women in rural districts during January to December 2013. A total of 2470 pregnant women were enrolled for laboratory tests for iron- deficiency anaemia (IDA). The prevalence of IDA was 51.3% (1267 of 2470); IDA affects about one in every two pregnant women in rural districts in Egypt. Women who are older than 30 years (Odds ratio [OR], 0.73) had more than three children (OR, 0.73), with body mass index less than 20 (OR, 1.57), shorter birth spacing less than 2 years (OR, 0.68), lack of antenatal care visits (OR, 1.25), low intake of foods of animal origin (OR, 1.57), vegetables and fruits (OR, 1.29) and having intestinal parasites (OR, 0.74) were positively associated with anaemia [at confidence interval 95%]. In addition to nutritional deficiency, multiparity and increasing maternal age are the main causes of IDA.

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Objectives: This study was conducted to assess socio-behavioral factors of overweight and obesity in primary Egyptian school children such as: residence, type of school, parent education, entertainment and dietary behaviors. Methods:The study was cross sectional and was conducted from May 2013 to August 2014 in Menoufia governorate in Egypt. 354 children aged 8-12 years brought consent from parents to participate and were enrolled in the study. The BMI percentile for students was calculated using a percentile online calculator. Results:The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity was 23.7% and 19.5% respectively. The most important predictors to overweight and obesity in the students were eating restaurant food at least twice weekly, TV watching more than 2 hours per day, mother employment and pocket money. Conclusion:Values for overweight and obesity in our study have approached the developed world high values. The most important risk factors for obesity and overweight in the developing societies that should be targeted by policy makers are restaurant foods, TV watching, mother employment and pocket money.

Objective To compare the effects of a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) and a copper intrauterine device (Cu‐IUD) on menstrual changes and uterine artery Doppler indices. Methods A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Menoufia University Hospital, Egypt, between December 2016 and August 2017. 306 multiparous women desiring intrauterine contraception were randomly assigned to LNG‐IUS (n=152) or Cu‐IUD (n=154). Uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) and resistant index (RI) were measured before use, and 3 and 6 months after insertion, and associations with abnormal bleeding were evaluated. Results Irregular bleeding was initially reported by 31 (74%) of 42 women in the LNG‐IUS group, and heavy menstrual bleeding by 53 (67%) of 79 women in the Cu‐IUD group. Incidence of abnormal bleeding decreased over the 6‐month study period. Uterine artery PI was significantly correlated with abnormal bleeding at a cutoff of 1.35 with area under the curve (AUC) 0.93, sensitivity 88%, and specificity 100%, whereas uterine artery RI was significantly correlated with abnormal bleeding at a cutoff of 0.62 with AUC 0.1, sensitivity 96%, and specificity 100%. Conclusion LNG‐IUS‐related abnormal bleeding was associated with changes in uterine artery blood flow that were not evident among Cu‐IUD users. Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR201701001900640.