Objectives Noncommunicable disease (NCD) including obesity, cancer, and diabetes has become particular concern worldwide due to its morbidity and mortality which keep increasing annually. Adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are known to be substances that are involved in the development of NCD. Several diet regimens have been developed to treat NCD, one of which is the ketogenic diet (KD). This study aimed to analyze the long-term KD effect on serum adiponectin and IGF-1 levels in mice. Methods This study was a real experimental with post-test only controls group design. The subjects were 14 male mice (2–3 months, 20–30 g) were randomly divided into two groups, K1 (n=7, standard diet) and K2 (n=7, KD with a composition of 60% fat, 30% protein, and 10% fiber). All subjects were given diet intervention for 8 weeks ad libitum. Serum adiponectin and IGF levels were measured in post-intervention using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Distribution of normality was analyzed by the Shapiro–Wilk Test, mean difference using Independent T-Test, and linear correlation using Pearson’s Correlation Test. Data analysis was performed using Statistic Package for Social Science Version 16. Results Serum adiponectin levels in K1 (0.080 ± 0.012) pg/mL and K2 (0.099 ± 0.005) pg/mL, with p=0.003. Serum IGF-1 levels in K1 (133.535 ± 25.702) ng/mL and K2 (109.987 ± 27.118) ng/mL, with p=0.121. Coefficient correlation between serum adiponectin and serum IGF-1 levels [r]=−0.401, with p=0.155. Conclusions Long-term KD increases serum adiponectin levels and has no effect on serum IGF-1 levels. There was no significant correlation between serum adiponectin and serum IGF-1 levels.

Highlights1. In Indonesia, 18.8% of all suicides were the result of chemical poisoning, such as using hydrochloric acid (HCl).2. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) can be used as an emergency therapy for acute pathology or as a supplementary treatment for chronic illness. AbstractBackground: Suicide is the second most common cause of death and is a major public health problem in many countries globally. Chemical poisoning, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), accounted for 18.8% of the total suicide cases in Indonesia. Through ingestion, this acid chemical contributes as the most common cause of swallowing injuries that can adversely affect the gastrointestinal mucosal through various pathological processes, primarily through an excessive inflammatory process. On the other hand, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been widely used as a non-pharmacological therapy in many diseases, although its mechanism for reducing inflammation in HCl poisoning has remained unclear. Objective: This study aimed to provide a better understanding on hyperbaric oxygen's biomolecular mechanism as a potential adjuvant therapy in HCl poisoning. Discussion: HCl poisoning causes an excessive inflammatory process, leading to tissue hypoxia indicated by increased expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy decreases the expression of HIF-1 through activation of the HIF-1 hydroxylation pathway via prolyl hydroxylase (PDH) in the proline pathway and HIF inhibiting factor (FIH) in the asparagine pathway. Reactivating both pathways will decrease HIF-1 activity, eventually reducing the ongoing inflammatory process. In addition, HBOT also plays a role in wound healing by stimulating angiogenesis growth factors. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has the potential to be used as adjuvant therapy in HCl poisoning due to its beneficial effects on reducing inflammatory mediators and wound healing.

The prevalence of chronic pain ranges from 30-50% in patients with cancer undergoing active therapy. Kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, and quinolinic acid are significant biomarkers for assessing pain objectively. This study aims to investigate the scientific evidence of the effect of serum kynurenic acid levels on the severity and duration of chronic cancer pain. It is a cross-sectional study with 80 subjects consisting of 19 male and 61 female patients in the palliative outpatient clinic of Dr Soetomo Hospital. The pain assessment was performed using the NRS, and the biochemical analysis of serum kynurenic acid was assessed using the ELISA method. Of the total of 80 subjects, 26 patients had pelvic organ cancer (33.7%), 24 patients had respiratory organ cancer (30.1%), 17 patients had breast cancer (21.7%), 9 patients had abdominal organ cancer (9.6%), 3 patients had malignant melanoma (3.6%), and 1 patient had sternal bone cancer (1.2%). Kynurenic acid significantly correlated with the severity of pain (p = 0.043), with (r) of -0.218. However, kynurenic acid showed no significant correlation with the duration of pain (p = 0.052). Kynurenic acid affected the severity of pain but did not affect the duration of pain in chronic cancer pain patients.

ABSTRAK Berdasarkan survei Penerimaan Vaksin COVID-19 di Indonesia, didapati 65% responden menerima vaksin, 27% ragu-ragu, dan 8% menolak. Alasan masyarakat menolak vaksin karena masih meragukan keamanannya (30%), tidak yakin bahwa vaksinasi akan efektif (22%), tidak percaya vaksin (13%), takut pada efek samping (12%), alasan agama (8%), dan alasan lainnya (15%). Padahal vaksin diperlukan untuk mencegah COVID-19 dan mengakhiri pandemi. Penolakan tersebut dikarenakan kurangnya tingkat pengetahuan serta pemahaman masyarakat terkait manfaat dan risiko dari vaksinasi. Maka dari itu kami kelompok 185 KKN-BBM UNAIR ke-64, mengadakan webinar kesehatan nasional secara daring guna memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat mengenai vaksinasi COVID-19 serta tindakan yang dilakukan setelah menerima vaksin COVID-19. Sebanyak 401 partisipan hadir dan aktif dalam sesi tanya jawab. Hasil post test didapatkan nilai rata rata 66,33 dari nilai maksimal seratus. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa para peserta webinar telah memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai vaksin COVID-19 serta tindakan setelah menerima vaksin pada akhir webinar kami. Kata Kunci: Vaksin, Covid-19, Sehat, Sejahtera, Anti Vaksin  ABSTRACT Based on the COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance survey in Indonesia, it was found that 65% of respondents received the vaccine, 27% were hesitant, and 8% refused. The reasons people refuse vaccines are because they still doubt their safety (30%), do not believe that vaccination will be effective (22%), do not believe in vaccines (13%), fear of side effects (12%), religious reasons (8%), and reasons others (15%). Even though vaccines are needed to prevent COVID-19 and end the pandemic. The refusal was due to the lack of knowledge and understanding of the community regarding the benefits and risks of vaccination. That's why we, the 64th UNAIR KKN-BBM group, held an online national health webinar to educate the public about COVID-19 vaccination and the actions taken after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 401 participants were present and active in the question and answer session. The post test results obtained an average value of 66.33 from a maximum value of one hundred. This indicates that the webinar participants already have sufficient knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine and the actions after receiving the vaccine in the end of our webinar. Keywords: Vaccine, Covid-19, Well Being, Good Health, Anti Vaccine

Highlight:Adiponectin is an important protective factor for cardiovascular disease and increased insulin sensitivity.Ketogenic diet effect on adiponectin level in mice besides decrease weight gain was determined.The difference in serum adiponectin level and body weight is uncorrelated. Abstract:Ketogenic diet is a popular diet to reduce weight gain quickly. This diet has become a lifestyle . The ketogenic diet has been reported to affect adiponectin level, although it is still contraindicated. Adiponectin is a biomarker for metabolic disease that plays an important role as a protective factor for cardiovascular disease and increase insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to explore the effect of the ketogenic diet on adiponectin level in mice, besides decrease weight gain. This study was an experimental laboratory study with a randomized post-test-only control group design. Fourteen male mice (20-30 g) aged 2-3 months were divided randomly into K1 (n=7, standard diet) and K2 (n=7, ketogenic diet), were given diet for eight weeks, ad libitum. Body weight was measured at the pre and post-intervention, whereas adiponectin level were measured at the post-intervention using ELISA. The statistical analysis using SPSS version 16. The Shapiro Wilk test was used to determine normality, Independent T-Test was used to determine mean difference for normal distribution, Mann Whitney Test was used to determine mean difference for abnormal distribution, and Pearson Correlation was used to determine correlation. Difference (∆) of body weight on K1 (12.00±6.26) g, K2 (1.29±7.41) g with p=0.02. Serum adiponectin level of K1 (0.082±0.014) µg/ml and K2 (0.096±0.008) µg/ml with p=0.035. This study showed ketogenic diet-induced higher serum adiponectin level and slower weight gain. There is no correlation between the difference in body weight and serum adiponectin level (p=0.403).