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R EACTIVE oxygen species (ROS) are generated in response to endogenous or exogenous stimuli. Antioxidants defense system resists for balancing ROS-mediated injury; if oxidation exceeds the defense mechanisms, oxidative stress is generated. Oxidative stress may be involved in the development of breast cancer. Moreover, radiationtherapy (RT), used for the treatment of breast cancer, works by the production of reactive oxygen species at the site of radiation which leads to local oxidative stress. Studies which detect one or few oxidant and antioxidant markers failed to detect the overall oxidant/antioxidant status of the subjects. The authors aim at studying the impact of radiotherapy on the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) with calculation of oxidative stress index (OSI), and measure the lipid peroxidation (MDA) in breast cancer patients. TAS, TOS, MDA and OSI in healthy and breast cancer groups are measured. In breast cancer group, all parameters were measuredbefore and after radiation therapy. In the breast cancer group, TOS, OSI and MDA levels have increased significantly (P<0.001) and the TAS level has decreased (P<0.001) in the breast cancer patients after radiotherapy than before radiotherapy. Breast cancer group TAS after RT reaches about forth its level measured inthe control group. Radiotherapy in breast cancer patients depletes the total antioxidants (TAS), increases total oxidative status (TOS), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and OSI. Breast cancer and its treatment modalities display the patients in a state of severe oxidative stress which requires the supplementation of antioxidants.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women during reproductive age. Women with PCOS show raised Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, due to increased number of small antral follicles and granulosa cells, and these may lead to anovulation. Measuring antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volume (OV) by ultrasound scanning gives insight to the ovarian function. This study is conducted to investigate the relation between AMH with AFC, OV and different biochemical parameters which determine PCOS. The study was carried out on thirty patients with PCOS as (group 1) compared with fifteen healthy women as control group (group 2). AMH, FBS, Insulin, HOMA/IR, Testosterone, cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI) and hirsutism were measured for all women in both groups. The results revealed that the serum level of AMH is significantly higher in PCOS (11.90±4.23ng/ml) than control group (4.36±0.56ng/ml). As for AFC, there is high significant increase (26.10± 5.49 follicles) in PCOS group versus (9.07 ±1.83 follicles) in control group. Furthermore, the results revealed a highly significant difference in OV (11.20±2.78ml) in PCOS compared to (6.23±0.73ml) in control. There is a significant correlation between AMH, AFC and OV in PCOS. There is a high significant correlation between AMH, AFC, OV, BMI testosterone, HOMA/IR, HDL, cholesterol, and TG in both groups. It could be concluded that there is a tight positive correlation between AMH and AFC and OV.

Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has become an essential procedure in assisted reproductive units for infertile patients. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and diabetes are two syndromes having drawbacks on fertility. The aim of this research is to study the impact of the morphological abnormalities of MII oocytes on fertilization rate, embryo quality and pregnancy following ICSI in patients with diabetes, PCOS patients. This prospective observational study was conducted on 177 women. MII oocytes with normal or abnormal morphology, fertilization rate, embryo quality, and positive or negative pregnancies were assessed in all patients and compared between the different groups. In the control group the total number of oocyte abnormalities was 146/446 MII oocytes representing a percentage of (33%). In the diabetes group, the total number of abnormalities in MII oocytes was 231/90 MII oocytes representing a percentage of (257%), and in the PCOS group, the total number of abnormalities was 414/229 abnormalities in the MII oocytes representing a percentage of (181%). In the diabetic patients, despite the higher oocytes abnormalities and the lower quality embryos compared to the PCOS patients, the pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the diabetes group (59.5%) compared to the PCOS group (51.9%), the highest percentage of pregnancy presented in the control group (83.7%). ICSI outcome was significantly better in the diabetic patients when compared to the PCOS patients. The best outcome was observed in the control group..