No abstract

Medicinal extract has been chronicled extensively in traditional Chinese medicine. Isoquinoline alkaloids, extract of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br., have been used as feed additive in both swine and poultry. Dietary supplementation with isoquinoline alkaloids increases feed intake and weight gain. In addition, recent researches have demonstrated that isoquinoline alkaloids can regulate metabolic processes, innate immune system, and digestive functioning in animals. This review summarizes the latest scientific researches on isoquinoline alkaloids which are extracted from Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. This review specifically focuses on its role as a feed supplement and its associated impact on growth performance and innate immune system, as well as its capacity to act as a substitute for oral antibiotics.

Several of the most prevalent etiological factors which contribute towards global death rates are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which include a range of conditions such as angina, rheumatic heart disease, and venous thrombosis. Extensive research has been conducted into the role played by oxidative stress and inflammation in the functional transformations associated with the progression of CVDs, while the research findings from these investigations have been both fruitful and informative. In view of the adverse secondary effects that result from the clinical administration of many synthetic medications, research which explored the treatment of severe and long-lasting conditions, including CVDs, has primarily centered on the potential benefits displayed by natural agents, one of which is food protein-based bioactive peptides. Most importantly, previous research has revealed the possible benefits associated with these products' anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. In light of these considerations, this paper aims to review the degree to which ovotransferrin (otrf, also referred to as conalbumin) and otrf-derived peptides, including IRW, IQW, and KVREGT, are, by virtue of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics, viable treatment agents for endothelial dysfunction and the prevention of CVD.

This study is aimed at determining the effects of dietary enzymolysis products of wheat gluten on the growth performance, organ weights, serum and intestinal antioxidant indices, serum biochemical indicators, and immunoglobulins of broiler chickens. The treatments consisted of a basal control diet, 2% of wheat gluten, and 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of enzymolysis products of wheat gluten. The inclusion of up to 4% of enzymolysis products of wheat gluten improved body weight and average daily gain. At 21 days, serum superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) had increased in the 2% of wheat gluten treatment (P < .05). At 42 days, both serum T-SOD and blood urea nitrogen had increased while uric acid had decreased (P < .05) in 2% enzymolysis products of wheat gluten treatment. These results showed that dietary inclusion of 2% enzymolysis products of wheat gluten can have beneficial effects on the growth performance and intestinal antioxidant activities of broiler chickens.

SU MMARYThe present study was conducted to determine the effects of a polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrophala Koidz (PAM) as a dietary additive on growth performance, immunoglobulin concentration and IL-1b expression in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty LandracerYorkshire piglets weaned at 28 days old (body weight 7 . 5¡0 . 07 kg) were assigned to five treatment groups (three pens/ group, eight piglets/pen) fed maize/soybean-based diets supplemented with 0, 3, 6 or 9 g of PAM/kg diet or antibiotics (0 . 4 g flavomycin/kg+0 . 13 g olaquindox/kg). The experimental period was 28 days. With increasing PAM supplementation levels, average daily gain was greater (quadratic, P<0 . 05) and the ratio of amount fed to live weight (LW) gain (feed/gain) improved (quadratic, P<0 . 05) during days 14-28 and overall, and diarrhoea incidence decreased (linear, P<0 . 05) during days 14-28. Supplementation of PAM also increased (quadratic, P<0 . 05) serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 on day 14, and increased (quadratic, P<0 . 05) IL-1b expression in jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes. Concentrations of PAM between 6 and 9 g/kg presented the strongest bioactivity compared to the control group or antibiotic-fed group. These findings indicate that PAM is effective in improving growth performance and cytokine response, which suggests that PAM can be used as a diet additive for weanling piglets.