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Although thyroglobulin is generally recognized as a useful marker for metastases in cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, there have been few reports of the use of thyroglobulin determination for long‐term follow‐up. This report presents the results of long‐term follow‐up studies carried out for periods of up to 4 years in 18 patients, including 4 patients with local and 14 with distant metastases. After successful treatment, thyroglobulin fell to unmeasurable levels in the four patients with local metastases and in four of six patients with distant metastases. In some patients treated successfully with 131I, the thyroglobulin level remained elevated for several months before falling to within the normal range. Thyroglobulin levels correlated with tumor growth in six of eight patients with tumor progression, remained high with a slight downward trend in one patient, and declined to unmeasurable levels in another case. Only one patient in this group showed radioiodine uptake in the metastases at the end of the observation period. The lack of 131I uptake in the other patients probably reflects the low degree of differentiation of the metastases. The following conclusions regarding the use of thyroglobulin measurement for the long‐term follow‐up of thyroid carcinoma can be made: (1) Following 131I therapy for metastatic thyroid carcinoma, return of thyroglobulin levels to within the normal range may take several months. The trend observed in serial thyroglobulin determinations is more meaningful than the absolute values for evaluating the success of therapy. (2) Thyroglobulin levels correlate with tumor growth in most cases of tumor progression, even when changes in differentiation may have led to a loss of radioiodine uptake by the metastases. It may be concluded that serial thyroglobulin determinations are therefore useful for the detection of metastases that do not accumulate radioiodine.

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Thyroglobulin concentrations were determined radioimmunologically in the sera of 53 patients operated for thyroid carcinoma. 37 patients without metastases or recurrence had either very low (up to maximally 15 ng/ml) or non-demonstrable thyroglobulin concentrations, whereas 16 patients with metastases showed values of more than 40 ng/ml up to maximal values of more than 1000 ng/ml. In the majority of patients follow-up controls, in part up to 2 years, were performed. A far-reaching conformity of thyroglobulin concentrations with scintigraphic or clinical findings of metastases was shown. Thyroglobulin estimation in operated thyroid cancer patients is thus an important contribution to the aftercare.

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