Background: Catheter associated complications are very common in the emergency departments of medicine, general surgery, orthopaedics and in community. They mostly occur in patients with neurological afflictions because of inexperience of the first handlers as they lack the insight of altered physiology and anatomy in the lower urinary tract because of neurological lesions and also because of an inadequate advice at the time of discharge regarding the catheter care. Objectives of this study were to find the prevalence of per-urethral catheter associated injuries in patients with neurological lesions in a tertiary care centre of south-eastern Punjab and their prevention in completely recoverable neurological afflictions.Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in urology department from 1st August 2017-31st August 2018. The data was taken from medicine, general surgery and orthopedic emergency departments. A total of 82 patients were taken from 19-78 years and 49 patients had per-urethral catheter placement. Analysis was done using Statistical Program of Special Sciences, version 20.Results: It was observed that overall neurological lesions are more common in males (80.48%) as compared to females (19.51%) and distributed over an age range of 19-84 years in both sexes. Out of total patients, 59.75% required per urethral catheterization. The prevalence of per-urethral catheter associated complications was 20.40%.Conclusions: Insertion of per-urethral catheter is a simple procedure but an error of omission on the part of health professionals’ results in a serious complication in a neurological patient. Proper insertion technique and catheter care are to be followed to prevent avoidable complications in this subset of patients.

Introduction: The endocrine system is evaluated primarily by measuring hormone concentrations, thereby arming the clinician with valuable diagnostic information. Thyroid Hormones which increase the basal metabolic rate and thermogenesis have been reported to be one of leptins regulating factors because alterations of thyroid status might lead to compensatory changes in circulatory leptin. Aim: The aim of this study was to find the correlation of Serum TSH with BMI in patients with thyroid disorder (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism). Material & Methods: 30 diagnosed cases of thyroid disorders out of which 20 were of hypothyroidism and 10 were of hyperthyroidism and 30 healthy controls were recruited in our study. Serum TSH levels were estimated in both cases and controls using ELISA method. BMI was calculated using QUETLET'S index as body weight (kg) divided by height squared (m 2). Results: In our study we found a significant (p=<0.001) positive correlation (r=0.514) of TSH with BMI in hypothyroid patients whereas a non significant (p=.551) positive correlation (r=.215) was found in hyperthyroid patients. Conclusion: Even small changes in the TSH levels can have an effect on BMI profile. In hypothyroid patients there is increase in weight so increase in BMI and also increase in TSH. On the other hand in hyperthyroid individuals there is loss of weight so decrease in BMI and also decrease in TSH. But further large scale data is required to confirm our findings.

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