The toxicological impact of TiO nanoparticles on the environment and human health has been extensively studied in the last few decades, but the mechanistic details were unknown. In this study, we evaluated the impact of industrially prepared TiO nanoparticles on the biological system using zebrafish embryo as an model. The industrial synthesis of TiO nanoparticles was mimicked on the lab scale using the high energy ball milling (HEBM) method by milling bulk TiO particles for 5 h, 10 h, and 15 h in an ambient environment. The physiochemical properties were characterized by standard methods like field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. cytotoxicity was assessed on zebrafish embryos by the evaluation of their mortality rate and hatching rate. Experimental and computational analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, apoptosis, and neutral lipid alteration was done to study the effects on the cellular level of zebrafish larvae. The analysis depicted the change in size and surface charge of TiO nanoparticles with respect to the increase in milling time. investigations revealed the significant role of ROS quenching and altered neutral lipid accumulation functionalised by the molecular interaction of respective metabolic proteins in the cytotoxicity of TiO nanoparticles with zebrafish embryos. The results reveal the hidden effect of industrially synthesized TiO nanoparticle exposure on the alteration of lipid accumulation and ROS in developing zebrafish embryos. Moreover, the assessment provided a detailed mechanistic analysis of cytotoxicity at the molecular level.

The investigation of the biocompatibility of potential and commercially available dental material is a major challenge in dental science. This study demonstrates that the zebrafish model is a novel in vivo model for investigating the biocompatibility of dental materials. Two commercially available dental materials, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine, were assessed for their biocompatibility. The biocompatibility analysis was performed in embryonic zebrafish with the help of standard toxicity assays measuring essential parameters such as survivability and hatching. The mechanistic and comparative analysis of toxicity was performed by oxidative stress analysis by measuring ROS induction and apoptosis in zebrafish exposed to dental materials at different concentrations. The molecular investigation at the protein level was done by a computational approach using in silico molecular docking and pathway analysis. The toxicity analysis showed a significant reduction in hatching and survivability rates along with morphological malformations with an increase in the concentration of exposed materials. ROS and apoptosis assay results revealed a greater biocompatibility of Biodentine as compared to that of MTA which was concentration-dependent. In silico analysis showed the significant role of the tricalcium silicate-protein ( Sod1, tp53, RUNX2B) interaction in an exhibition of toxicity. The study provides a new vision and standard in dental material sciences for assessing the biocompatibility of potential novel and commercially available dental materials.

Introduction: Nanotechnology is gaining momentum in the search for ideal biomaterials by dental researchers. The expansible nature of Endodontology deems exploration, learning and scrutinizing newer avenues which have the potential to be applied and investigated. The popularity of polymers as drug delivery vehicles has opened avenues for their application in the root canal system. This study utilized application of biodegradable polymers as potential drug delivery vehicles against Enterococcus faecalis, one of the main reasons for post treatment disease. Aim:This study aimed at fabricating Poly (Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA)-moxifloxacin nanoparticles and assessing its sustained antimicrobial efficacy with calcium hydroxide and chitosan-moxifloxacin hydrogel against Enterococcus faecalis.

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Improvising bioceramics for enhancing their biocompatibility and physical properties has been a focus area for the dental industry.