The increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance is a public health concern, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to be resistant to a variety of antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance and the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of P. aeruginosa from environmental and clinical sources were studied in the current study. A total of 170 samples were evaluated, with 85 samples each from environmental sources and clinical settings. The isolates were subjected to microbial analysis and antimicrobial sensitivity testing. The findings revealed that 45.88 % (39) of the 85 clinical isolates tested for the presence of P. aeruginosa were positive. In terms of prevalence, there were significant variations (p 0.05) between the clinical samples. Wound samples had the highest isolation rate of 28.2%, while urine samples had the lowest (12.8%). P. aeruginosa was found in 38.8 % (33/85) of the samples isolated from environmental sources. In terms of prevalence, there was a highly significant difference (p 0.01) between the isolates. All of the positive isolates were completely resistant to cefuroxime and amoxicillin (100 %). The majority were also resistant to, cotrimoxazole (82%), nalidixic acid (82%), ciprofloxacin (86%), and tobramycin (69%). There was a substantial variation in the resistance patterns of isolates. The current study demand comprehensive measure to combat antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa.

Pharmaceutical drug is a chemical substance which is used to maintain growth, cure, treat, prevent and diagnose a disease. Up to the middle of the nineteenth century, man had access to a wide range of natural remedies to ease his suffering. As part of pharmacodynamics, we consider both drug activity and drug effect, which refers to the first effects of therapeutic receptor contact and the effects that follow. Infections are a leading cause of mortality in the underdeveloped nations. This is primarily owing to the advent of emerging infectious agents, more particularly the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Drug resistance or Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), progresses when microbes, including parasites i.e viruses, bacteria and fungi no longer effective against a drug that formerly treated them effectually. Clinicians will benefit from a better grasp of the processes of antibiotic resistance when it comes to prescribing antibiotic.  As a result of this review, researchers are encouraged to apply gene manipulation, increased usage of stem cells (adult and embryonic), and improve bioavailability of nutrients utilizing nanotechnology in order to overcome the negative effects of pharmaceutical medications.